1. PERCEPTION
is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.

2. Selective Attention
The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.
For example:
1. “the cocktail party effect”
2. in a restaurant when you listen to other people have a conversation.
3. What other examples can you think of?

3. PERCEPTUAL ORGANIZATION
GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY-
"the whole is greater than the sum of its parts."

4. FORM PERCEPTION
Figure and Ground-the organization of the visual into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings. (the ground is the background in which the individual stands)
-The following slides are examples of figure & ground

5. Can you see the young woman?
FORM PERCEPTION
Can you see the old
woman?
Can you see the young woman?

6. Do you see a vase? Or two faces?

7. Is this a bunny or is this a duck?

8. Examples of Grouping
Grouping-we organize the figure into a meaningful form so that people can make sense of what they see.
Figure & Ground
(previous slides are examples of- the vase or 2 faces, and the dog)

9. Proximity-group nearby figures together.

10. Similarity-we group together figures similar to one another.

12. Continuity-we perceive smooth continuous patterns rather than discontinuous ones.

13. Form Perception
Connectedness-when they are uniform and linked, we perceive spots, lines or areas as a single unit.

14. Form Perception
Closure-we fill in the gaps to create a complete, whole object.

15. Depth Perception Is the ability to see objects in 3 dimensions.
Binocular cues-depth cues, that depend on the use of two eyes.
Examples:
Retinal Disparity-by comparing 2 images from the eyeballs, the brain computes distance-the greater the disparity (difference) between the 2 images, the closer the object.

16. Visual Cliff-a laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants.

17. Monocular cues-distance cues available to either eye alone
Examples:
Relative size-if we assume that 2 objects are similar in size, we perceive the one that casts the smaller image to be further away.
Interposition-if one object blocks the view of another, we perceive it to be closer.

18. Relative Clarity-because light from distant objects passes through more atmosphere, we perceive hazy objects as farther away than sharp, clear objects.
Texture gradient-a gradual change from a coarse, distinct texture signals increasing distance. Objects further away appear smaller and more densely packed.

19. Relative Height-we perceive objects higher in our field of vision as farther away
Relative Motion-as we move, objects that are stable may appear to move.
For example: if while riding in a train you fix your gaze on an object-house-the objects closer to the house appear to move backward. The nearer an object is, the faster it seems to move.

20. Linear Perspective-parallel lines such as railroads appear to converge with distance. The more the lines converge, the greater their perceived distance.
Light and shadow-nearby objects reflect more light to our eyes. Thus given 2 identical objects, the dimmer one seems farther away.

21. MOTION PERCEPTION
Stroboscopic movement is when the brain interprets a rapid series of slightly varying images. By flashing 24 still pictures each second, a motion picture creates perceived movement. (a flip book)