1. ECOLOGY
eCO

2. WHAT IS ECOLOGY? LATIN “ECOS” WHICH MEANS HOME.
In this case the Earth is our home.
Ecology is the study of organisms and the environment: the study of the relationships between living organisms and their interactions with their natural or developed environment

3. ECOLOGICAL HIERARCHY BIOSPHERE
The part of the Earth’s crust, waters and atmosphere that is capable of
supporting life
BIOME
Large regional area with same climate and vegetation
throughout
ECOSYSTEM
All communities together with the abiotic
Factors affecting them
TIGERS
COMMUNITY
Groups of populations within
the same area
POPULATION
Several of the same
species
ORGANISM
A single member of
a species

4. BIOSPHERE
If the earth were an apple the depth of the biosphere would equal the depth of the skin on the apple!

5. What determines where life can exist within the biosphere?
ABIOTIC LIMITING FACTORS
TEMPERATURE: warmest at equator colder at poles, cooler away
from surface
SUNLIGHT: greatest at equator less toward poles, less as go deeper
WATER: more water more life, Fresh? Salt?
SOIL: type, sandy less- humus (rich top soil) more
NUTRIENTS: cycling of organic molecules, more life more nutrients
pH: extremes in acidity or alkalinity decreases life
PRESSURE: up decreases-down increases(atmosphere and hydro)
OXYGEN: up decreases-down increases(opposite in hydrosphere)

6. As you go up… Temperature decreases Oxygen levels decrease Pressure decreases
Deeper you go…
Nutrient level
Water availability
pH levels
Temp/Pressure
As you go down…
Water
Pressure increases
Temperature decreases
pH/salinity vary

7. ECOSYSTEM RECYCLING CARBON(C) HYDROGEN(H2) OXYGEN(O2) NITROGEN(N2)
MATTER RECYCLES CONTINUOUSLY THROUGH THE ENVIRONMENT AND ORGANISMS: TO BUILD ORGANIC MOLECULES AND MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS
CARBON(C)
HYDROGEN(H2)
OXYGEN(O2)
NITROGEN(N2)
PHOSPHOROUS(P)

8. PHOSPHORUS CYCLE No atmospheric component to the phosphorus cycle 1 3
WHY IS PHOSPHORUS NECESSARY?
Important structural unit of LIPIDS(cell
membrane); DNA(connects nucleotides)
ATP!
No atmospheric component to
the phosphorus cycle 1
PO4 1 3 2 7
Fertilizers
Material that is
decomposing 10 8
Bacteria
Fungi
Worms

9. ALL ORGANIC MACROMOLECULES
CARBON CYCLE
WHY IS CARBON NECESSARY?
ALL ORGANIC MACROMOLECULES 1 7 3 5 6 4 3 5 3 9 5 4 8 4 2
Fossil Fuels

10. OCEANS AIR ROCKS
CARBON DIOXIDE
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
DECOMPOSITIION
FOSSIL FUELS LIKE COAL OIL AND NATURAL GAS
RESPIRATION
BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS
3.3 BILLION TONS
OCEANS
FROZEN
30% MORE
GLOBAL AVERAGE TEMPERATURES ARE RISING

11. WEATHERING ROCKS
SURFACE WATER
SHELLS BONES
LIMESTONE
CARBON
WARM TROPICAL SHALLOW
CORALS
MELTS
SUBDUCTION

12. OCEANS, LAND, ATMOSPHERE, UNDERGROUND
SOLID ICE, LIQUID FRESH OR SALT, AND GAS AS WATER VAPOR
CONVERSION OF LIQUID TO GAS BY ADDING HEAT
CHANGE OF SOLID INTO A GAS WITHOUT GOING THROUGH LIQUID PHASE
EX: SNOW OR ICE CAN BECOME FOG
WATER LOSS THROUGH LEAVES OF PLANTS
PERSPIRATION IS WATER LOSS THROUGH ANIMALS
CONVERSION OF WATER VAPOR TO LIQUID BY REMOVING HEAT
WATER VAPOR CONDENSES AROUND A PARTICLE UNTIL LARGE ENOUGH TO FALL BY GRAVITY
RUNOFF OR WATER TABLE
FROZEN IN ICE CAPS, GLACIERS

13. WATER CYCLE WHY IS WATER NECESSARY?
Transport materials in cells; Moderate temperatures;
Dissolve molecules, photosynthesis/respiration(H’s),
CONDENSATION

14. NITROGEN CYCLE 6 4 5 1 1 1 6 1 3 2 WHY IS NITROGEN NECESSARY?
Build monomers of PROTEINS and NUCLEIC
ACIDS DNA/RNA
FLIP FLOPS 6
Fertilizers 4 5 1 1 1 6
NH4 1
NO3 3 2

15. ATMOSPHERE
80%
AMINO ACIDS FOR PROTEINS, DNA/RNA
LIGHTNING SPLITS MOLECULE
NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA IN ROOTS OF BEANS(LEGUMES)
SOIL AND WATER THROUGH ROOTS
EAT PLANTS OTHER ANIMALS
USE OF NITROGEN RICH FERTILIZERS
WASTE FROM LIVESTOCK
OVER GROWTH OF PLANTS THAT USE RESOURCES
BONDING OF NITROGEN TO HYDROGEN OR OXYGEN
CONVERTING NH2 TO NO2 OR NO3 COMPOUNDS BY BACTERIA
THE TAKING IN OF NUTRIENTS BY PLANTS OR ANIMALS
CONVERTING NITRITES/NITRATES TO AMMONIA BY BACTERIA
REDUCTION OF NITRATES TO ELEMENTAL NITROGEN BY BACTERIA

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