1. Take 5
What part of a phospholipid molecule allows the cell membrane to interact with water in its environment?
Which organelle is responsible for the digestion of old worn out organelles?
Which organelle captures light energy and converts it to chemical enery?

2. Take 5 Name two structures that make up the cytoskeleton.
Where are lipids formed?
Cell walls of multicellular plants are composed mainly of _______________________.
Organelles that are characterized with photosynthesis are the ___________________. Found in which eukaryotic cell?

3. Take 5 9/15/10 Which of the following cells contains a nucleus?
a. Bacterial cell c. Prokaryote
b. Plant cell d. Virus e. Animal Cell
Who concluded that all plants are made of living cells?
The scientist who first gave cells their name _____.

4. Take 5 9/14/10 What are the 3 main parts of the plasma membrane?
What is a phospholipid molecule?
Is the phospholipid bilayer fluid?

5. Take /12/11
What is the difference between the compound light microscope and the electron microscope?
If a cell contains a nucleus, it must be a(n)
Who was the founder of the cell?

6. TAKE 5 – 9/10/10
What is a cell?
What are the two different types of cell?
What does a plant cell have that an animal cell does not?

7. Chapter 7
The Discovery of Cells

8. 7.1 The Discovery of Cells

9. I. Compound Light Microscopes
Use a series of _______________ and ________________ to magnify objects.
They ca magnify objects up to about ________________ times.
lens
light
1500

10. II. Cell Theory Robert Hooke plants Cells animals cells
_________________ named cells for the simple rooms monks lived in.
Matthias Schleiden observed a variety of __________.
He determined that all plants are composed of ______________
Theodor Schwann determined that all __________are composed of _______________.
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek –_______________________
____________________________________________________
There are 3 main ideas that make up cell theory:
All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms.
All cells come from preexisting cells.
plants
Cells
animals
cells
Discovered red blood cells and bacteria cells

11. FOUNDERS OF CELL THEORY

12. ROBERT HOOKE
Robert Hooke used a _______ microscope to study ________ (obtained from dead oak bark)
light
cork

13. ROBERT HOOKE
He called them _______ because they reminded him of the small rooms ________ lived in at the monastery
cells
monks

14. ROBERT HOOKE ________ ARE THE BASIC UNITS OF ALL LIVING THINGS!!!
Cells
Hooke's Microscope

15. Matthias Schleiden
Matthias Schleiden is a German scientist who studied ________
plants

16. Matthias Schleiden He concluded that _________________ _____________
all plants are
composed of cells

17. Theodor Schwann
Theodor Schwann is a German scientist who studied __________
animals

18. Theodor Schwann He concluded that _________________ _____________
all animals are
composed of cells

19. CELL THEORY
The CELL THEORY is made up of ___ parts. 3

20. CELL THEORY MEMORIZE THIS!!
1) All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
2) The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms.
3) All cells come from pre-existing cells.
MEMORIZE THIS!!

21. III. Electron Microscopes
Use a beam of ________________ to magnify structures up to _________________ times.
Object being observed must be put into a _________________ to be magnified.
electrons
500,000
vacuum

22. IV. Two basic Cell Types EX: Bacteria Cells
Prokaryotes- ________________________________
_______________________________________________
_________________ - cells that have membrane bound organelles.
Small cells that do not contain membrane bound organelles, simple and lacks a nucleus
Eukaryotes
EX: Bacteria Cells
EX: Plant and Animals Cells

23. 7.2 The Plasma Membrane

24. I. Cells must control Materials
Plasma Membrane
___________________- flexible boundary between the cells and its environment.
Allows materials to ______________ cell regardless of environment.
______________ and _________________________ are removed to maintain ___________________.
Selective permeability- __________________________
___________________________________________________
enter
Excess materials
Wastes
homeostasis
Allows some materials into cell while keeping others out.

25. II. Structure of the plasma membrane
Phospholipid bilayer- formation and function of the plasma membrane
Phospholipid molecule – has a _________________ head and a ______________ tail.
The phospholipid bilayer is ______________________
_______________________- helps prevent the tails of the phospholipids from sticking together
Some cholesterol in your diet is ___________________ for the health of cells.
_____________________ - are found within the lipid membrane
_______________________ __________________ regulated which molecules enter or leave _____________________.
Some proteins help in ________________________ of cell or a chemical receptors.
polar
nonpolar
fluid
Cholesterol
necessary
Proteins
Transport Proteins
The cell
The identification

27. 7.3 Eukaryotic Cell structure

28. I. Cellular Boundaries Cell Wall Cell Wall
Plants, fungi, bacteria and some protests have a __________________
_____________________- a fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane that provides additional support and protection.
Cell wall is not selective, it allows molecules to enter……. (write this down)
Cell Wall
Cell Wall

29. II. Nucleus and Cell Control
The control center of the eukaryotic cell
Nucleus- ______________________________________
The nucleus contains all the directions to make a _______________ (DNA)
DNA- _________________________________________
_______________ - the strands of DNA
When the cell divides, the chromatin condenses to form ______________________.
______________________ is found inside the nucleus and makes ribosomes.
Nuclear Envelop - ______________________________
Ribosomes- the sites where cells produce _________ based of the directions contained in the DNA
Ribosomes are made of RNA. They are not membrane bound.
________________ - the clear gelatinous fluid in a cell
Protein
Is the set of directions for making proteins
Chromatin
chromosomes
Nucleolus
Is the structure that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.
proteins
Cytoplasm

30. III. Assembly, Transport & Storage
Organelles for assembly and transport of protein.
_____________________ (ER) – folded membranes that are the site of cellular chemical reactions.
______________________- location where ribosome attach to the ER to carry out protein synthesis.
Smooth ER- _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Smooth ER is involved in many Biochemical reactions such as storage/formation of lipids.
____________________- sorts proteins into packages and sends them to vesicles to be distributed.
Vacuole- _____________________________________________
Vacuoles store __________________, enzymes and other materials the cell may need.
_____________________- organelles that contain digestive enzymes
* Lysosomes digest excess/worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed bacteria/virus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER
ER that has no ribosomes, involved in storage and formation of lipids.
Golgi Apparatus
Membrane bound sac used to temporary storage of the cell.
food
lysosomes

32. III. Energy Transformers
Chloroplasts and Energy
Chloroplasts – organelles that capture _____________ energy to convert into ______________ energy.
Chloroplasts are part of a group of plastids
_______________ - are plant organelles that are used to storage
___________________- the pigment that gives plants their green color and traps light energy
Mitochondria and Energy
Mitochondria – transform _______________ molecules into ______________ for the cell
*They are found in ______________ and ______________ cells.
light
chemical
Plastids
Chlorophyll
sugar
energy
plant
animal

33. Chloroplasts

34. Mitochondria

35. V. Organelles for Support and Locomotion
Cytoskeleton
___________________- is the support structure of the cell. The cytoskeleton is make up of roads called ____________ and ___________________.
Microtubules- __________________________________________
Microtubules aid in support like scaffolding or poles of a tent.
Cilia & Flagella
Cilia and Flagella are both organelles that are made of microtubules and aid in ________________ and ____________________.
Cilia- _________________________________________________.
They more in a rowing motion
Flagella- _______________________________________________
Cytoskeleton
microtubules
filaments
Hollow tubes of protein
Feeding
locomotion
Short, numerous, and look like hair.
Long, and have a whip-like motion

36. Microtubules and microfilaments

37. Microtubules and Filaments

39. Review!!!

40. Flu Virus in your Cells…… gross