1. Asexual Reproduction and Mitosis
SB2 e: Compare the advantages of sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction in different situations

2. Asexual Reproduction Occurs only through the process of mitosis
Each offspring has the same genetic information
Where can asexual reproduction be found?
BACTERIA
YEAST
PLANTS

3. There are 5 different types of asexual reproduction.
1. Budding
Parent divides unequally; new individuals develop from buds
ex – yeast & hydra
2. Binary Fission
Most simple form of asexual reproduction; Parent divides
equally and results in two separate individuals
Ex.-paramecium, bacteria
3. Spore Formation
Single specialized cells that germinate when released from parent. Usually covered by a protective coating for preservation.

4. 4. Regeneration/fragmentation
Ability to regrow new body parts/ability to grow new
Organism from parts.
ex – hyrda, planaria, starfish, the bad guy from Terminator 2
5. Vegetative Reproduction/Propagation
Refers to roots, stems, and leaves. Cells divide then differentiate
to produce the same organism
Ex.- strawberry plant, pick-a-back plant

5. Cell Cycle Mitosis Cytokinesis
Period of time from one division to the next
Unicellular division results in formation of new individuals of the species
Cell Cycle
Multicellular division results in replacement of old or damaged cells
Process by which the nucleus divides while maintaining number of chromosomes
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm
Asexual Reproduction
Reproduction that only involves one parent so therefore no special reproductive organs are needed

6. Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis
Nuclear DNA wound around proteins known as histones
Chromatin
Condensed rolls of chromatin that are able to be seen during mitosis (rod-like structures)
Chromosomes
There are 5 phases in MITOSIS
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis

7. Interphase Interphase Known as “resting phase”
Cells grow in size by producing more nucleic acids, proteins, and cellular organelles
Chromosomes make copies of themselves, but they can’t be
seen
Nucleus of the cell is contained within the nuclear envelope
Centrioles are present and duplicate themselves
Interphase

8. Mitosis Begins Mitosis is the division of the nuclei
Happens in somatic/ body cells

9. Draw a Chromosome One Double Chromosome Prophase
Double chromosomes become visible - Chromatid
Chromosomes are 2 sister chromatids connected by a centromere
Draw a Chromosome
Centromere
Sister Chromatids
One
Double
Chromosome

10. At the beginning, centrioles move to opposite poles
Spindle fibers attach
By the end, the nuclear envelope and nucleus have
disappeared
Prophase
EARLY
LATE
DON’T DRAW

11. Metaphase= “Middle”
Centromeres line up on the middle
Metaphase

12. Anaphase Anaphase= “Away”
Daughter chromosomes move to opposite sides of cell
(poles)
Anaphase

13. Telophase Telophase=“The End”
Chromosomes uncoil and return to previous shape (threadlike)
Nuclear membrane and nuclei reform
Telophase
NOTE: Cytokinesis begins during late anaphase and finishes during telophase

14. Cytokinesis Two identical daughter cells are formed.
Each cell has the diploid (2n) number of chromosomes.
In humans this is 46 chromosomes.

15. Mitosis in Plants Same as mitosis in animals except:
Plants have no centrioles – spindle fibers take their place
Asters do not form
Cell wall does not pinch because it is too rigid
Cell plate divides the cell into two