1. Magma and Lava
Below the Earth’s crust is a layer of solid rock, in this layer are places where the rock has melted
Melted or molten rock = Magma
If magma is forced to the Earth’s surface it is then = Lava
Lava is what flows out of a volcano

2. Igneous Rock Cools quickly, therefore sometimes contains crystals
Rock that forms when Magma cools
Cools quickly, therefore sometimes contains
crystals
Very hard stone, coarse texture
Very resistant to erosion
May contain veins of metallic minerals such as nickel, copper, gold and silver
Examples: Canadian Shield, Coast Range Mts in B.C.

3. Igneous Rock Uses Examples Counter tops Flooring Tombstones
Building material
Granite
Basalt
Pumice

4. Sedimentary Rock Formed by Igneous Rock that was eroded by wind,
water or ice
Formed by pressure which compresses the sediments
into rock
Example: clay or mud sediments = shale
Softer stone
Water, wind and natural chemicals easily erode rock
May contain fossils – remains of Ancient life
Type of minerals found today in Sedimentary rock
depends upon the type of sediments that were deposited

5. Sedimentary Rock Uses Examples gravel carving building material
Limestone
Sandstone
Shale

6. Sedimentary Rock Examples of Sedimentary Rock in Canada:
Horizontal layers of sedimentary rock are found primarily in the Interior Plains,
Great Lakes – St. Lawrence Lowlands,
the Hudson Bay Arctic Lowlands and
the Rocky Mountains
Portions of the Appalachian Mountains and the Innuitian Mountains are also composed of Sedimentary Rock

7. Metamorphic Rock undergoes extreme heat and pressure
Formed when igneous or sedimentary rock
undergoes extreme heat and pressure
Process called metamorphism
Particles are compressed and become hard
to separate
Extremely hard and resistant to erosion
Large number of metamorphic rock found in Canadian Shield

8. Metamorphic Rock Uses Examples Sculpture stone Tombstones
Building material
Gneiss
Slate
Marble

9. Exit Card In order to leave class today you MUST,
WRITE 1 thing you have learned in the past two lessons either about plate tectonics or the rock cycle