1. Bio1H Midyear Exam Review

2. Unit 1: Biochemistry and Digestion

3. Topic 1: Nature of Matter
Atoms, Molecules
Molecular and Structural Formulas
Matter that makes up living things
Water!!!
SPONCH

4. Topic 2: Bonding and Properties of Water
Ionic vs Covalent Bonding
Nonpolar covalent vs Polar Covalent
Water is a polar substance
Cohesion
Adhesion
High Specific Heat
Density of Ice

5. Topic 3: Basic Chemistry
Ph Scales
Chemical Equations
Reactants
Products
Balancing equations

6. Topic 4: Organic Molecules
Carbon Based and Functional groups
Polymer vs. Monomer
Dehydration synthesis
Degradation hydrolysis

7. Topic 4: Organic Molecules
Carbohydrates - energy storage, structure
Monosaccharide - glucose, fructose
Disaccharides - sucrose, lactose
Polysaccharides - starch, glycogen
Lipids - energy storage, insulation, signaling
Triglycerides - saturated and unsaturated
Phospholipids
Proteins - transport, enzymes, structure, signaling, and more
Amino acids (Monomer)
Protein folding - effected by amino acid polarity
Nucleic Acids - Information molecule

8. Topic 5: Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
Metabolism
Exergonic vs Endergonic

9. Topic 5: Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
Enzymes - biological catalysts
Enzyme-Substrate interaction
Active sites

10. Topic 6: Digestion Purpose of Digestion Organs and structures
Path of food
Helper organs
Location of digestion
Each organic molecule type
Enzymes involved
Absorption
Structure and Function

11. Topic 7: Scientific Method
Viewed through Enzyme activity
What factors affect enzyme function? pH
Temperature
Enzyme concentration
Hypothesis
If (the independent variable affect the dependent variable), then (this is my specific prediction).
Control groups vs control variables

12. Unit 2: Dynamic Cell

13. Topic 1: Microscopy
Light microscopes
Electron microscopes
SEM
TEM

14. Topic 2: Cell Types and …. All cells have… Cell membrane Ribosomes DNA
Prokaryote vs Eukaryote
How can you tell the difference?
Animal vs Plant
Organelles
Why are cells small?
Surface area to volume ratio must be high!!

15. Topic 2:… Cell Parts Manufacturing Nucleus Ribosomes
ER (Rough & Smooth)
Golgi apparatus
Breakdown
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Energy Processing
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Support, Movement, Communication
Cytoskeleton (includes cilia & flagella)
Cell membrane
Cell Wall

16. Topic 3: Cell Membranes Fluid Mosaic Model Selective Permeability
Phospholipids, Proteins, Carbohydrates, Cholesterol
Selective Permeability
Chemical Properties - polarity
Size

17. Topic 4: Membrane Transport
Concentration Gradient
Simple Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport
Endo/Exocytosis

18. Topic 5: Energy ATP - universal unit of energy in ALL living things
ATP is used for Cellular Work P Pi
+ Energy
Energy +

19. Topic 6: Photosynthesis
Chloroplasts
Light Reaction
Review the steps of the Light reaction
Highlights….
Water split by enzyme, oxygen formed, photosystems, ETC, ATP formed via chemiosmosis, NADPH formed
Calvin Cycle
3 phases
Highlights
ATP and NADPH used to drive the cycle
Many enzyme catalyzed steps
CO2 taken in and used
Glucose formed

20. Topic 7: Cellular Respiration
Converts energy in sugar to energy in ATP
Occurs in plant and animal cells
Anaerobic respiration
No oxygen
Low ATP output
Ethanol fermentation - yeasts
Lactic acid fermentation - us
Aerobic respiration
Oxygen
Mitochondria used
High ATP output
3 stages

21. Unit 3: Body Systems

22. Topic 1: Gas Exchange Respiratory System Anatomy
Simple Diffusion of Gases
Diaphragm
Smoking

23. Topic 2:Circulation Heart Anatomy Vessels Structure and function
Double circulation

24. Topic 3: Endocrine System
Glands
Hormones
Lipid vs Protein
Insulin-Glucagon
PTH-Calcatonin

25. Topic 4: Nervous System Neuron Structure and Function Action Potential
Neurotransmitters
Synapse
Reflex Arc
Brain
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Brain stem