1. U1C1 Renaissance and Reformation: 1300-1650
World History

2. Main Idea
Major changes in Europe caused the medieval period to give way to a new period. As trade with the East increased, Europeans rediscovered the classical knowledge of ancient Greece and Rome. This knowledge led to a period of creativity and learning called the Renaissance. A new focus on the individual emerged, contributing to new ideas about religion. These ideas caused a struggle in Christianity known as the Reformation.

3. Essential Question
What changes took place in Europe between & 1600 and what was the result?

4. The Italian Renaissance
Beginnings
Black Death
Starvation
warfare led to changes in 1300s Europe
specialization led to trading and city-states, increasing knowledge
Ideas and Art
Ideas: Renaissance (French for rebirth)
Ancients-Greeks brought scholarly work to Venice
Humanism- The movement inspired by Greek and Roman culture that emphasized individual accomplishment and education
Secular writers- had ”worldly” rather than “spiritual” focus, led to idea of “Renaissance Man”
Science-Copernicus, Galileo challenged church teachings
Art: Leonardo da Vinci (Mona Lisa, Last Supper), Michelangelo (Sistine Chapel), Raphael (The School of Athens), Bramante (designed St. Peter’s Basilica)
Patrons-wealthy that supported the arts
Styles-secular, perspective, accurate shapes/textures

5. The Northern Renaissance
Philosophers
Desiderius Erasmus: pure & simple Christian life, without rituals/politics of the church; advised on education children
Writers
Sir Thomas More: humanist author of Utopia
William Shakespeare: focused on lives of realistic characters, not morality
Christine de Pisan: champion of equality and education for women
Artists
Albrecht Durer: learned realism/perspective in Italy; used oils for texture
Jan van Eyck: Flemish School; landscapes, domestic life
Pieter Brueghel: 1500s Flemish; everyday peasant life

11. The Protestant Reformation
Cause:
Humanist values led people to question church authority
Some clergy were corrupt, worldly, or poorly educated
Martin Luther posted his Ninety-five Thesis
The printing press helped spread Reformation ideas
Effect:
Many Protestant sects developed
Church leaders reformed the Catholic Church
Religious intolerance and anti-Semitism increased
Religious conflicts spread across Europe

12. The Counter Reformation
Reforms:
Savonarola, Jesuits used education led by Ignatius of Loyola, Council of Trent, Charles Borremeo, Francis of Sales, Teresa of Avila, The Inquisition and Spanish Inquisition targeted Protestants, Jews, Muslims, witchcraft, Index of Forbidden Books
Effects:
Changes in Religion: Catholic faith spread, Protestants and Catholics battled, Protestants battled each other; religious freedom brought equal conflict and turmoil
Persecution and Hysteria: 1500-Jews and Muslims kicked out of Spain, Jews forced into ghettos, thousands executed of witchcraft between
Political Effects: declining power of Catholic Church led to increased nationalism
Wars:
The Italian Wars: , France , Spain & England involved; spread Italian Renaissance throughout Europe
Peasants’ War (1524) in Germany: unhappy with high taxes and no power
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V (Catholic) against Lutheran princes of Germany to stop Protestantism
1598: Huguenots (Protestants) battled Catholics; leader, Henry became Catholic, granted religious freedom to Protestants