1. ADP and ATP

2. What Is ATP?

3. 1. Adenosine Triphosphate
ATP stands for:
1. Adenosine Triphosphate

4. What is ATP?
2. ATP is the energy currency of all cells (including plants and animals). It supplies you with energy.

5. 3. ATP is a type of nucleic acid (like DNA and RNA).

6. 4. ATP contains high energy phosphate bonds that store and release energy.

7. Where does ATP come from?
ATP comes indirectly from the food that we eat.
Molecules of carbohydrates (glucose) and lipids are broken down through the process of cellular respiration to produce ATP.

8. An ATP Molecule is composed of the following:
A Nitrogenous Base – Adenine
A Sugar – Ribose
Three phosphate groups

9. Chemical Structure of ATP
Adenine Base
3 Phosphates
Ribose Sugar

10. How Do We Get Energy From ATP?

11. ADP-ATP Cycle
Cells break phosphate bonds between the last two phosphate groups in a molecule of ATP as needed to supply energy for most cellular functions, when this happens a molecule of ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and a phosphate become available for reuse.

12. ADP-ATP Cycle
When any of the phosphate bonds are broken or formed, energy is involved.
Energy is released each time a phosphate is removed from the molecule.
Energy is stored each time a phosphate attaches to the molecule.

13. ADP-ATP Cycle
To constantly supply the cell with energy, the ADP is recycled, creating more ATP which carries much more energy than ADP.

14. Steps in the ADP-ATP Cycle
To supply cells with energy, a “high energy” bond in ATP is broken. ADP is formed and a phosphate is released back into the cytoplasm.
ATP ADP + phosphate + energy

15. Steps in the ADP-ATP Cycle
As the cell requires more energy, ADP becomes ATP when a free phosphate attaches to the ADP molecule. Then energy needed to create an ATP molecule is much less than the amount of energy produced when the bond is broken.
ADP + phosphate + energy ATP

16. HYDROLYSIS (Adding H2O) Assisted by the enzyme ATPase.
How is the bond broken?
HYDROLYSIS (Adding H2O)
Assisted by the enzyme ATPase.
H2O

17. How Does That Happen?
An Enzyme!
ATPase

18. The ADP-ATP Cycle
ATP Synthetase
ATP-ase

19. How is ATP Re-Made? The reverse of the previous process occurs.
Another Enzyme is used!
ATP Synthase