1. Mendelian and non mendelian epigenetics
What is epigenetics?
Mendelian and non mendelian epigenetics
Why fungi?

2. 1500 MY
Hedges et al.,
2004

3. Blair et al., 2005

5. Ascomycota Saccharomycotina, Hemiascomycotina Archiascomycotina,
Taphrinomycotina
Pezizomycotina MY
Ascomycota

7. w+ w- su wv e

8. su wv
Su(var)205 HP1

9. Homology silencing Dosage compensation (XX-XY ) Post-transcriptional
Imprinting
Transvection
Paramutation
Rip and Mip
Homology silencing
Post-transcriptional
Gene silencing
Co-suppression
RNAi
Silencing in ciliates
Quelling
Meiotic silencing by
unpaired DNA

13. Dikaryon
DNA replication
Caryogamy, synapsis
First division
Second division

14. Caryogamy, synapsis
First division
6:2 segregation

15. Dikaryon
DNA replication
Caryogamy, synapsis
First division
Second division

16. 4:4 segregation Dikaryon DNA replication Caryogamy, synapsis
First division
Second division

17. 0:8 segregation Dikaryon DNA replication Caryogamy, synapsis
First division
Second division

19. Sau3A GATC not GATC*
MboI GATC and GATC*
HpaII CCGG not CC*GG
MspI CCGG and CC*GG

20. Ascobolus immersus

21. met2+t…met2+ r
met2+t…met2+ r
revertant from 7
met2+tmet2+ r
Sau3A GATC not GATC*
MboI GATC and GATC*

22. Two general models for premeiotic phenomena?

23. Two putative DNA
methylases in Ascobolus
immersus

24. b2 X

27. Masc1
are they methylases?
RID

28. There is a fundamental conceptual
difference between RIP and MIP:
MIP is a genuine epigentic phenomenon,
RIP is directed mutation!

29. Unsolved problems of RIPand MIP:
Are there other premeiotic phenomena?
What is the nature of the homology recognition system? Can a transcript be involved?
How does (in RIP) mutation trigger methylation? Why and how is methylation (in MIP) triggered in the absence of mutation?
How general is the phenomenon? Archeological evidence for RIP in organisms without methylation and/or without sexual cycle.

31. qde-1 RNA dependent RNA-polymerase: ego1 and rrf1 in
qde RNA dependent RNA-polymerase: ego1 and rrf1 in Cænorhabditis elegans, SD1/SGS2 in
Arabidopsis thaliana, RprA in
Dictyostelium discoideum
qde Rec Q-like helicase: ?
qde argonaute family: rde1 of C. elegans, AGO1 in
A.thaliana, aubergine and piwi
in D. melanogaster

32. QDE3
QDE3+
TOP
aRNA, hpRNA
QDE1
gene transcript
QDE2
dsRNA
Dicer

35. par-1, a Gene Required for Establishing Polarity in C
par-1, a Gene Required for Establishing Polarity in C. elegans Embryos Encodes a putative
Ser/Thr Kinase that is Asymmetrically Distributed
Su Gou and Keneth J. Kemphues, Cell, Vol 81,

37. mir172
apl2
Wt apetala mir172 overexpressed

38. Gene silencing Anti-transcript Gene (DNA) Transcript Transcript (RNA)
Double stranded RNA
RNAi
Machinery
Transcript (RNA)
Protein
Gene silencing

40. QDE3
QDE3+
TOP
aRNA, hpRNA
QDE1
gene transcript
QIP
QDE2
(argonaut)
dsRNA
Dicer

41. Transvection model
Lonely gene model

42. Transvection model
Lonely gene model

43. Sad: a RNA dependent RNA polymerase similar to QDE1
SMS2: a protein of the argonaut family

46. aRNA ?
gene transcript
dsRNA
SAD-1
SMS-2
Dicer
SML3,
(DCL-1)

48. How general is post-transcriptional silencing?

49. “Q” pathway “M” pathway
RNA pol QDE SAD-1
absent RrpB
Dicer DCL-2 (M. grisea) DCL-1(SML3)
DclB DclA
Argonaute QDE SML2
RsdA PpdB

50. RNAi is almost universal
What about quelling?
and MSUD?