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Legionnaire’s Disease
Emerging Diseases Lecture 11: Legionnaire’s Disease 11.1: Overview 11.2: Outbreak in 1976 11.3: Legionella is Common 11.4: Biofilms
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11.1: Overview Our Commonwealth’s contribution to the array of emerging diseases An “old” disease with a new name Remains a serious problem to the present day
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11.2: 1976 Outbreak American Legion Convention July, 1976
Bicentennial convention July 27, 1976-first cases Flu-like symptoms Can progress to more serious 221 cases, 34 deaths 72 non-convention but in hotel
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August 1976
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CDC Identifies pathogen
McDade asked to lead team Difficult to track down causative agent Does not grow on standard medium Months of effort Identification of “new” pathogen Legionella pneumophila (Legionella micdadei)
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Linked to earlier outbreaks through “retrospective” analysis or analysis of old samples stored in freezer Mystery outbreak in 1968-Pontiac, Michigan “Pontiac Fever”-also caused by Legionella Mild disease compared to LD
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11.3: Legionella is Common Legionella present in almost every body of water Prefers warm to hot water Enclosed space Enters host via mist or aerosol Or drinking water 1000s of cases Many nosocomial
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Ice machines were source of Legionnaires' May 2, :35 PM By Sean D. Hamill / Pittsburgh Post-Gazette After one patient died and two were sickened by Legionnaires' disease in November and December at UPMC Presbyterian, where they contracted the disease, UPMC has a message for hospitals nationwide. “Hospitals in the U.S.: If you have not been looking in ice machines for Legionella, please look," Tami Minnier, UPMC's chief quality control officer, said Friday. "That's the message."
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L.A. NOW Southern California -- this just in Playboy Mansion bacteria points to Legionnaires’ disease outbreak March 1, 2011 | 6:31 am
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Case of Legionnaires’ disease at upper NW Washington retirement home
Local Case of Legionnaires’ disease at upper NW Washington retirement home By Martin Weil September 25, 2018 Health officials name Johnsburg Walmart a possible source of exposure to Legionnaires' By ED KOMENDA Follow Oct. 28, 2018
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Legionella lives in biofilms with other organisms 11.4: Biofilm a group of microbes growing together in a large group-protecting and shielding each other
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Biofilms can form almost anywhere Water systems and plumbing Surgical equipment such as catheters Contact lenses Natural bodies of water
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Biofilms
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Review-1 Incidence of infectious diseases increases with growth of cities (Microbe Magnets). People had some incorrect ideas about the cause of infectious diseases-so they were hard to prevent The Diseases of Filth
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Review-2 People became disgusted with dirt, filth and garbage-they began to clean up The Germ Theory has been a very powerful idea Stopping germs stops disease. Killing germs kills disease. Preventing germs prevents disease.
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Review-3 Antibiotics, vaccines, antiseptics, cleanliness resulted in a dramatic drop in diseases. Except for polio-which moved in the opposite direction. Salk’s vaccine marked the start of the Age of Optimism.
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Review-4 The Age of Optimism was symbolized by the Disease Cowboys.
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Review-5 1976 was the year that the sense of optimism was shaken
Ebola outbreak-Yambuku Threat of re-emergence of deadly flu or “Swine Flu” Legionnaire’s Disease A new Health Transition began.
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