1. 2 Main Categories Vascular Plants Nonvascular Plants
Plant Classification
2 Main Categories
Vascular Plants
Nonvascular Plants

2. Nonvascular Plants
Nonvascular plants do not have tube-like structures that transports water from roots to stems and leaves
Mosses- have small root-like structures called rhizoids
Liverworts- look similar to mosses but leaves are arranged differently

3. Mosses

4. Liverworts

5. Vascular Plants
Vascular plants have tubular structures that provide stability and transportation for nutrients
Seedless Vascular Plants
Horsetails- have underground stems called rhizomes
Club mosses- look like small evergreens
Ferns- grow from rhizomes and have fronds
Fronds- leafy branches of the fern
Fiddle-head- coiled up frond

6. Horsetails

7. Club mosses

8. Ferns

9. Seed-Bearing Vascular Plants
Seeds contain the embryo- newly forming plant
2 Groups-
Angiosperms- flowering seed-bearing plants
Gymnosperms- seed-bearing plants that do not flower
most have cones that contain the seed

10. Gymnosperm Organized into 4 smaller groups
1. Cycads look like palm trees, but they have cones
2. Ginkgoes have flat fanned leaves
3. Gnetophytes found in hot dry deserts or tropical rain forests
4. Conifers the largest group of Gymnosperms
They have cones
They are the evergreens

11. Conifers Pine trees- Needles are grouped in bundles
Produces resin which is used to make
Tar, turpentine, ink, paint, adhesive, rosin (for use with violins)

12. Pine Trees

13. Conifers Firs and Spruce Needles are directly attached to the branches
Cones stand upright and needles are flat and flexible
Used to make pencils and plywood
Spruce
Cones hang down and needles are stiff and prickly
Used to make canoes, furniture, musical instruments and paper

14. Firs

15. Spruce

16. Angiosperms Angiosperms are flowering seed-bearing plants
The flowers produce seeds protected by an outer coating (they do not have a hard cone to protect them like Gymnosperms)
Angiosperm trees usually have wide, flat leaves
They are called broad leaved trees

17. Angiosperms-Growing Seasons
Angiosperms can be classified by their growing season:
Annuals
Biennial
Perenials
Annuals live for only 1 growing season
Biennial needs 2 growing seasons to fully develop
The rest in the winter the flower, produce seeds and dies the next year
Perennial can live for 3 or more years.
They grow, flower and produce seeds year after year

18. Annuals Annuals live for only 1 growing season
Include marigolds, tomatoes and sunflowers

19. Biennials Biennial needs 2 growing seasons to fully develop
The rest in the winter the flower, produce seeds and dies the next year
Include carrots, cabbage,
Parsley and foxglove

20. Perennials Perennial can live for 3 or more years.
They grow, flower and produce seeds year after year
Include roses, oak trees, carnations, and spearmint

21. Classifying Angiosperms by Seed Structure
Cotyledons tiny seed leaves of a plant embryo used to nourish a plant until it can undergo photosynthesis
Dicotyledons- also called dicots- have 2 seed leaves
Monocotyledons- also called monocots- have 1 seed leaf

22. DICOTS Most angiosperms are dicots
They have a inner tube-like structure that is arranged in rings (their vascular tissue)
They have a taproot system- one large thick root with
Woody stems
Branching veins
Petals are arranged in groups of 4 or 5

23. MONOCOTS Have one seed leaf Vascular tissue is randomly scattered
They have a fibrous root system
They have parallel veins
Petals are usually arranged in groups of 3