2. Evolution & Natural Selection Vocabulary
Gradual change in the genetics of a species/population over time; how descendants differ from their ancestors.

3. Types of Selection Artificial Selection
Selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms, Ex. Dog Breeding

4. Types of Selection Natural Selection
Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce successfully

5. How to Survive Struggle for Existence
Competition among members of a species for food, living space, and the other necessities of life
Fitness
Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
Adaptation
Inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival

6. Do you think that there is a struggle for existence between humans?
Question:
Do you think that there is a struggle for existence between humans?

7. Example of natural selection, adaptations, fitness and the struggle for existence. Peppered Moth
Peppered Moth Evolution

8. Ancestry / Evidence of Evolution
Common Descent
Principle that all living things have a common ancestor
Descent with Modification
Principle that each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time
Fossil Record
Evidence that organisms from the past are not the same as those found today; fossils show a progression of evolution.
Evolution - "Stated Clearly"

9. Ancestry Homologous Structures
Structures that have different mature forms in different organisms but develop from the same embryonic tissues; common ancestor
Vestigial Organs
A structure or organ that is useless today but an ancestor used
Guess the Embryo

10. Variation
Gene Pool
Combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population
Relative Frequency
Number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of times other alleles occur

11. Who is represented in the gene pool?
Question:
Who is represented in the gene pool?

12. Selection Genetic Drift
Random change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations
Founder Effect
Loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population
Genetic Equilibrium
Situation in which allele frequencies remain constant
TED Ed - Five Fingers of Evolution

13. How do we get separate species?
Speciation
Formation of new species
Reproductive Isolation
Separation of a species or populations so that they cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Behavioral Isolation
Form of reproductive isolation in which two populations have differences in courtship rituals or other types of behavior that prevent them from interbreeding. Ex. Albatross, Birds of Paradise, Flamingos

14. How do we get separate species?
Geographic Isolation
Form of reproductive isolation in which two populations are separated physically by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or stretches of water
Temporal Isolation
Form of reproductive isolation in which two populations reproduce at different times. Ex: Flowering plants / Seasonal breeding
Speciation Mechanisms

15. CC - Big History "Evolution"
What Darwin Never Knew - Part 1