1. Do Now: EOC Practice

2. Do Now

3. Answer The correct answer is D
According to the second Law of Thermodynamics, energy transformations are not 100% efficient, thus, only 10% of energy is available to the next trophic level. About 90% of the energy is “lost” as heat, and can’t be used again.
The more energy transfers, the less energy there will be for the next trophic level.

4. Energy flow in Ecosystems

5. BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES 4.3_Cycles of Matter
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES 4.3_Cycles of Matter
SC.912.E.7.1 Analyze the movement of matter and energy through the different biogeochemical cycles, including the water and carbon.

6. Objectives Summarize the steps of the water cycle in a diagram.
Explain how carbon and oxygen are cycled through an ecosystem.
Describe why nitrogen must cycle through an ecosystem.
Summarize the 3 major conversions of nitrogen in ecosystems.
Explain why it is important that phosphorus be cycled through an ecosystem.

7. ENERGY & MATTER Energy is not the only thing
ENERGY & MATTER
Energy is not the only thing
that moves through the ecosystem.
Atoms are never destroyed only transformed.
Take a deep breath.
The atoms you just inhaled may have been inhaled by a dinosaur millions of years ago.

8. 4 ATOMS make up 95% of the body in most organisms
OXYGEN
CARBON
HYDROGEN
NITROGEN
The same molecules are passed around
again and again within the biosphere in
___________________________
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

9. WATER CYCLE = ___________________
HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

10. WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT? Makes up 60-70% of your body
Oxygen and Hydrogen are found in all the ________________________: carbohydrates, proteins,
nucleic acids, lipids
Hydrogen in H2O supplies
protons (H+) & electrons
for_______________
building blocks of cells
photosynthesis

11. WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT? SOLVENT Water is a good _________________
Many molecules dissolve in water so it
provides a place for chemical reactions
to happen
Water doesn’t change temperature easily so it helps with
__________________
SOLVENT
HOMEOSTASIS

12. WATER CYCLE evaporation condensation

13. The evaporation of water from the surface of plant leaves
The evaporation of water from the surface of plant leaves
= ________________
TRANSPIRATION
The return of water to the surface in the form of
rain, snow, sleet, hail, etc.
= ____________________
PRECIPITATION

14. WATER CYCLE PH ONLINE LINK Put in code: cbp-2033 Choose Start
Image edited from:
WATER CYCLE
PH ONLINE LINK
Put in code: cbp Choose Start

15. Video: Gongorosa's Water Cycle

16. CARBON CYCLE CO2 in atmosphere CO2 in ocean
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

18. 4 main CARBON reservoirs in BIOSPHERE
In ____________ as CO2 gas
In _______ as dissolved CO2 gas
On _______ in organisms, rocks, soil
__________ as coal & petroleum (fossil fuels) and calcium carbonate in rocks
atmosphere
ocean
land
Underground
CO2 in
atmosphere
CO2 in
Ocean
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

19. Where does CO2 in atmosphere come from?
Ocean
Volcanic activity
________________
______________
_________________
____________ of dead organisms
Human activity (burning fossil fuels)
Cellular respiration
Decomposition
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

20. WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT?
BUILDING BLOCKS
Found in all the _______________ of cells: carbohydrates, proteins,
nucleic acids, lipids
Image by Riedell

21. WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT?
Carbon in CO2 provides the atoms for
__________ production during __________________...
the fuel that all living things depend on.
GLUCOSE
PHOTOSYNTHESIS

22. NITROGEN CYCLE NH3 NO3- and NO2- N2 in Atmosphere Section 3-3
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

23. WHY IS NITROGEN IMPORTANT?
NITROGEN BASES
__________________make DNA and RNA
ATP
Adenine (nitrogen base) is used in _______
amino acids
Makes AMINO part of _________ (proteins)
Image by Riedell
Image by Riedell

24. 79% of the atmosphere is made up of NITROGEN gas (N2)
BUT we _____ use the nitrogen gas
we breathe!
The bond in N2 gas is so
strong it can only be broken by
_______________
____________________
CAN’T
lightning
Volcanic activity
few special bacteria
Image by Riedell
Image by Riedell

25. Bacteria that live ______________ and in _________ relationships with
plants called _________, take
nitrogen from the atmosphere and
turn it into ______________, a form
that is usable by plants.
THIS PROCESS
IS CALLED _________________
in the soil
symbiotic
legumes
AMMONIA (NH3)
NITROGEN FIXATION

26. Other bacteria in the soil convert ammonia into ________________
& _________________
which plants can also use.
The nitrogen we need for proteins,
ATP, and nucleic acids comes from
the ___________
___________
we breathe!
NITRATES (NO3- )
& NITRITES (NO2-)
FOOD WE EAT
NOT THE AIR
Image from: and
modified by Riedell

27. NITROGEN CYCLE NH3 NO3- and NO2- N2 in Atmosphere Section 3-3
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

28. Bacteria that live ______________ also carry out the reverse process
___________ → _____________.
THIS PROCESS
IS CALLED _________________
in the soil
NITRATES
& NITRITES
NITROGEN GAS
DENITRIFICATION

29. PHOSPHORUS CYCLE Phosphate moves through food web
Image from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
PHOSPHORUS CYCLE
Phosphate moves
through food web
Producers absorb phosphate from soil and water
Phosphate returns to soil and water from waste or decomposition
Weathering wears away rocks and sediments and releases phosphate into soil and water
Sediments form “new land” to complete cycle

30. is only biogeochemical cycle that does
Phosphorus cycle
is only biogeochemical
cycle that does
NOT cycle through the ______________
atmosphere
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

31. WHY IS PHOSPHORUS IMPORTANT?
Makes DNA and RNA
Transfers energy as ATP
Makes phospholipids for cell membranes
Image by Riedell
Image by Riedell

32. Video: Biogeochemical cycles