1. The Jeffersonian Presidency

2. The Election of 1800
Thomas Jefferson
John Adams

3. The Election of 1800 Issues: The Alien and Sedition Acts
Hamilton’s financial system
“character issues” ‘s

4. The Election of 1800 Role of Hamilton Results: Tie between TJ and Burr
Persuades Federalists in NY to abstain
Gives TJ enough States to win House vote
Results:
Tie between TJ and Burr
No winner in the Electoral College
Multiple ballots in the House

5. “The Revolution of 1800” Democrat-Republican victory
First peaceful transition of power from one party to the other in history
Beginning of the end for the Federalist Party
“But every difference of opinion is not a difference of principle. We have called by different names brethren of the same principle. We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.”

6. The Moderation of Thomas Jefferson
Kept most of the Hamiltonian system
Kept the tariff and the BUS
Dropped only the tax on whiskey (woohoo!)

7. TJ vs. the Supreme Court Role of Chief Justice John Marshall
Last Federalist in power
Use of strong federal power
“Loose” interpretation of the Constitution

8. Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Marbury promised a Justice of the Peace position in Vermont (one of Adams’ “midnight appointments”)
Jefferson instructs Madison not to deliver the appointment; Marbury sues the federal government.

9. Judicial Review Marshall rules in favor of Marbury
First use of “judicial review”
(the ability of the Courts to rule on acts of the President or of Congress)
Major expansion of federal power; makes judicial branch equal to other two

10. TJ Retaliates Against the Court!
The impeachment of Samuel Chase
“high crimes and misdemeanors”
Acquitted by the Senate
Crisis averted
Balance of powers preserved

11. The Louisiana Purchase

12. The Louisiana Purchase
Original mission of James Monroe: purchase of West Florida and New Orleans for $10m.
Napoleon’s counter-offer: the entire territory for $15m (3 cents an acre!)

13. The Louisiana Purchase
Constitutional issues:
No authority in Con. To purchase land
Negotiations done in secret
Accusations by Feds of hypocrisy
TJ’s response:
Proposed Constitutional amendment
DRs ignore it and buy the land

14. Impact of the Louisiana Purchase
Doubled size of the Republic
Gained access to the Mississippi River
Ended possibility of re-invasion by Britain

15. Lewis and Clark Purposes: To explore and map new territories
To contact the various tribes
Scientific survey
Clark
Lewis

16. The Corps of Discovery
Made up of former Army Regulars

17. Lewis and Clark Role of Sacagawea Impact: size of country established
treaties signed with tribes
new species discovered
led to westward expansion

18. The “Mosquito Fleet” Rationale: Less costly Prevents possible tyranny
Long Term Impact:
less able to defend
US against the
British

19. Election of 1804 Jefferson vs. Charles Pinckney
Decline of the Federalist Party:
Less able to attract Western voters
Too elitist
Geographically locked in with New England
Older generation

20. Renewed Problems with Britain (AGAIN!)
Renewed impressment of American sailors
British harassment of US trade
Conflicts with Indians in the West
The “Chesapeake Incident”

21. The Embargo Act of 1807 Total ban on trade with all countries
No support for either
France or Britain
impact upon Jefferson

22. Reaction to the Embargo Act
Smuggling and piracy
TJ unpopular
Repeal by Congress (Feb. 1809)

23. The Jeffersonian Legacy
Positive:
LA Purchase
Lewis and Clark
Increased democratization
Moderation in governing
Negative:
“mosquito fleet” Embargo Act
Attempted takeover of judicial branch