1. Nationalism and Sectionalism
In the Era of Good Feeling

3. Jackson Square New Orleans

4. NOTE:
This is the last election in which the Federalist Party participated in a national election.
1800
1804
1808
1812
1816
1820

5. James Monroe (R-VA) Fifth President of the U.S. 1817-1825
Last of the “Virginia Dynasty”
Continental Army Veteran
Former Antifederalist
“Era of Good Feeling”
Re-election nearly unanimous

6. NATIONALISM
1800
1804
1808
1824
1812
1816
1820

7. Henry Clay’s “American System”
The Economics of Nationalism
National Bank
First B.U.S. had expired in 1811
Internal Improvements
Infrastructure (roads, bridges, canals)
Protective Tariff
Build and protect domestic manufacturing
Jeffersonian or Hamiltonian?

8. Henry Clay’s “American System”
The Economics of Nationalism
National Bank
Second B.U.S. chartered in 1816
Internal Improvements
Protective Tariff
Tariff of 1816
Strict or Loose Construction?

9. Nancy Pelosi Wait... There’s more! Speaker of the House 2009-2011
Wait... There’s more!

11. Calhoun’s “Bonus Bill”
“for constructing roads and canals, and improving the navigation of water courses, in order to facilitate… internal commerce among the several States, and to render more easy and less expensive the means and provisions for the common defense…”
VETO
Calhoun

12. QUESTION:
Is an election map always an accurate measure of the national political climate?

14. Internal Improvements
SECTIONALISM
NORTH
SOUTH
WEST
Economy
Political Leaders
Political Issues
Commerce
Manufacturing
Agriculture
Developing
Agriculture
Henry Clay
Daniel Webster
John C. Calhoun
Tariff (+)
Slavery (-)
Tariff (-)
Slavery (+)
Internal Improvements

15. Henry Clay’s “American System”
The Economics of Nationalism
National Bank
First B.U.S. had expired in 1811
Internal Improvements
Infrastructure (roads, bridges, canals)
Protective Tariff
Build and protect domestic manufacturing
Who Benefits? Who doesn’t?

16. The First Crisis of the Union
The Missouri Question
The First Crisis of the Union
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:
Are all states in the Union equal, or are some “more equal than others”?
Can Congress impose conditions on new states that all states don’t have to follow?

18. Tallmadge Amendment (1819)
"And provided, That the further introduction of slavery or involuntary servitude be prohibited… and that all children born within the said State, after the admission thereof into the Union, shall be free at the age of twenty-five years."
Rep. James Tallmadge, Jr.
(R- NY)

19. Bicameralism at Work “Concurrent Majority”
CONFERENCE
Passed
without Tallmadge Amendment
Passed
with Tallmadge Amendment
SENATE
HOUSE

20. The Man of the Hour… Henry Clay’s Compromise Proposal:
Admit Maine as a Free State
Admit Missouri as a Slave State
Prohibit slavery in the territories of the Louisiana Purchase north of the 36˚30’ parallel.

23. 36˚30’

24. SLAVERY
36˚30’

25. The Sage of Monticello…
Slavery
The South
Primary Source: Jefferson to John Holmes, April 22, 1820

26. A South Carolina Perspective…
During the debate, Charles Pinckney (SC) defended slavery as a positive good.
Pinckney’s opinions did not hold much water outside of South Carolina at the time, but as Northerners continued to criticize slavery, more Southerners began to defend the institution.
Pinckney’s Speech
Pinckney

27. Bicameralism at Work “Concurrent Majority”
Passed
Clay’s Compromise
Passed
Clay’s Compromise
SENATE
HOUSE

28. Crisis Averted… Let’s Review
Henry Clay’s
Compromise Proposal:
Admit Maine as a Free State
Admit Missouri as a Slave State
Prohibit slavery in the territories of the Louisiana Purchase north of the 36˚30’ parallel.

29. The American Colonization Society
aka: The Society for the Colonization of Free People of Color of America
Founded 1816
Liberia
Colony established in Africa
Capital: Monrovia
Henry Clay
Charter Member

30. Notable Members of ACS James Madison (U.S. President)
James Monroe (U.S. President)
Daniel Webster (U.S. Senator)
Stephen Douglas (U.S. Senator)
Henry Clay (Speaker of the House)
Francis Scott Key (The Star Spangled Banner)
John Marshall (Chief Justice)

31. Membership Certificate signed by James Madison
Sold for $928 in 2006
Madison served as President of the ACS from

32. Cotton

33. Mechanized cotton production
The Cotton Gin
Mechanized cotton production
Eli Whitney
Of Massachusetts

35. From Harper’s Weekly (1869)

36. The South’s dependence on slavery
“King Cotton”
The South’s dependence on slavery

37. The (in)Effectiveness of Colonization
2,500,000 / 12,000 = 208

39. The Monroe Doctrine READ MY NEW COLONIES
“The American continents… are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers. . .”
-- From Monroe’s Seventh Annual Message
READ MY
NEW COLONIES
EUROPE: KEEP OUT!!!

41. The end of an era…
1800
1804
1808
1824
1812
1816
1820