1. Agenda diēs Martis, a.d. iii Id. Sept. A.D. MMXVIII
HW Check: syllabus/policies, signed
Review Worksheet 1 (Accusative & Pronouns)
Review of Comparison of Adjectives & Adverbs
Review of Syntax 2: Uses of the Genitive Case
Practice with Review Topics
Pensum:
Complete* Review Worksheet #2
*all sentences; as many MC as you can
Study Vocab. List 1
Latin Prose
Mr. Finnigan
Boston Latin School

2. Worksheet #1 Review

3. Uses of the Accusative Case – Practice
Caesar dīxit sē in Galliam iter factūrum esse.
Caesar omnia, quae usuī navibus erant, parāverat.
Caesar in Galliā multōs annōs bellum gerēbat.
Mīlitēs ducem imperatōrem vocābunt.
Aeneās dīxit, “Forsan et haec olim meminisse iuvābit.”
Cicero putābat Catilīnam vastāre rem publicam velle.
Catilīna intellexit Marcum Tullium cōnsulem ēlectum esse.

4. Uses of the Accusative Case – Practice
Imperātor cum omnibus copiīs in proelium maturāverat.
Dux suōs oppugnāre castra iussit.
Vir fēminaque fīlium Mārcum appellant.
Mīlia passuum XVIII murum perducunt.
Caesar arbitrātus est Pompeium malum esse.
Catilīna domum Cicerōnis īre et eum interficere voluit.

5. Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs

6. Comparison of Adjectives
all adjectives have 3 degrees: positive, comparative, superlative
positive is basic quality of the adj. comparative indicates having more of the adj. quality
superlative indicates having the most of the adj. quality
recognizing and translating the degrees of comparison:
POSITIVE
form: this is the dictionary entry form of the adjective
translation: simply translate the adjective
e.g.: certus, -a, -um: certain / fortis, forte: brave

7. Comparison of Adjectives
COMPARATIVE
form:
recognize by -ior in the form (-ius in neut. sg. nom/acc)
decline with 3rd decl. endings
translation:
more _____ [or _____er]
rather _____
too _____
e.g.:
certior, certius (gen. certiōris): more/rather/too certain
fortior, fortius (gen. fortiōris): more/rather/too brave

8. Comparison of Adjectives
SUPERLATIVE
form:
recognize by -issim in the form
decline with 1st/2nd decl. endings
translation:
most _____ [or _____est]
very _____
e.g.:
certissimus, -a, -um: most certain, very certain
fortissimus, -a, -um: bravest, very brace
note!
all adj. with nom. sg. in –er add –rimus to nom. sg.
some adj. with nom. sg. in –ilis add –limus to the stem

9. Irregular Comparison of Adjectives

10. Irregular Comparison of Adj.
Positive
Comparative
Superlative
bonus, -a, -um
good
melior, melius
better
optimus, -a, -um
best, very good
malus, -a, -um
bad
peior, peius
worse
pessimus, -a, -um
worst, very bad
magnus, -a, -um
great
maior, maius
greater
maximus, -a, -um
greatest, very great
parvus, -a, -um
small
minor, minus
smaller
minimus, -a, -um
smallest, very small
multī, -ae, -a
many
plūrēs, plūra
more
plūrimī, -ae, -a
most

11. Comparison of Adverbs

12. Comparison of Adverbs POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
forming: built from adj. by adding –e or 3rd decl. adj. by adding –ter
translating: _____ly
COMPARATIVE
forming: same as neut. acc. sg. of the comparative adj. form from which the adv. is derived; ends in –ius
translating: more _____ly, rather ______ly, too _____ly
SUPERLATIVE
forming: like superl. adj., but ending in –ē
translating: most _____ly, very ______ly

13. Uses of the Genitive Case

14. Uses of the Genitive Case
there are many uses of the genitive, but basically it is used to limit or qualify another noun
think of it as a noun acting like an adjective
OBJECTIVE & SUBJECTIVE GENITIVE
these uses are different but are closely related
they both limit/qualify a noun that has a verb-y idea at its root (e.g. leader, love, care, fall)
it is objective if it acts like the object of the verb-y noun
it is subjective if it acts like the subject of the verb-y noun
trick: make the verb-y noun into its verb and then translate; does the gen. noun become the subject or object?
*objective gen. is the most common use of the gen.

15. Uses of the Genitive Case
PARTITIVE GENITIVE
aka the ‘gen. of the whole’–states the whole of which something is a part
common with:
superlative adjectives
the nouns: pars, partis, f. (part), nimis (too much), nihil (nothing), satis (enough), plūs (more)
pronouns, especially neuters (e.g. quod, quid)
GEN. OF POSSESSION
used to show the possessor of another noun

16. Uses of the Genitive Case
GENITIVE OF DESCRIPTION (QUALITY/CHARACTERISTIC)
used to describe another noun
gen. must be qualified by an adjective
basically interchangeable with the abl. of description
PREDICATE GENITIVE (APPOSITIONAL)
used with a form of sum, esse as a predicate
any case may be its subject
in essence, very similar to the pred. nom.
most commonly seen in poetry