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Published byKrista Pääkkönen Modified over 6 years ago
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The stability and protection of the Roman Empire was shattered by:
Invasions of Barbarians.
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This is the name for the system that arose in the Middle Ages to provide security and protection on a local level: FEUDALISM
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A lord gave land to a vassal in exchange for:
1. Military service 2. A percentage of crops 3. Administration of courts 4. Fee collection
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The Roman Latifundia and Slavery system.
The origin of serfdom in which people are bound to work the land for a particular landowner is: The Roman Latifundia and Slavery system.
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This was the name for the stable, self-sufficient economic system in the Middle Ages:
The Manor
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The 3 major classes in the Middle Ages with their separate roles:
1. The Clergy – spiritual guidance 2. The Nobles – protection and justice 3. The Peasants – agricultural labor
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Typically, the nobles attained their tiles and lands in this manner:
Inheritance
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T or F: The church could hold manor lands and church officials could serve as vassals.
TRUE! The Catholic church amassed great wealth and many land holdings during the Middle Ages!
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With his Carolingian Renaissance, this king emphasized learning, Christianity and revived Roman culture: Charlemagne
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On Christmas Day of 800AD, this official crowned Charlemagne, thus establishing the power of the Church: POPE
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Charlemagne was crowned with this title:
Holy Roman Emperor
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With powers such as excommunication and interdict, this institution held authority over Europeans:
The Catholic Church
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The name of the treaty that divided Charlemagne’s empire between his GRANDsons (although the SOL says it’s between his sons, ARGH): Treaty of Verdun
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These defensive structures provided protection from invaders such as the Vikings and Magyars:
Castles
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1. Mainland Europe 2. England
Viking and Magyars settled in 1._____________ while the Angles and Saxons settled in 2.____________. 1. Mainland Europe 2. England
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Medieval society was an interesting combination of these 3 traditions:
Roman Christian Germanic
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The concept of a united Christendom meant that loyalty to the ________ came before loyalty to the government. Catholic Church
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St. Benedict is a founder of a:
Monastery
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Monks were engaged in illumination and copying of ancient manuscripts and helped to preserve secular works from ancient: Greece and Rome
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The Latin alphabet and the Christian faith were carried to the Germanic tribes and the Celts by ________________ Missionaries
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The parish priests administered the 7 ___________, essential for salvation.
Sacraments
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English king who united most of Medieval England after he successfully conquered it
William the Conqueror
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Law code of medieval England that applied to ALL citizens, begun by Henry II
COMMON LAW
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English king forced by nobles to sign the Magna Carta which limited the kings powers
JOHN
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War between England and France that helped define both as strong nations
100 YEARS’ WAR
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French king who established throne in Paris and gradually gained control of all of France
HUGH CAPET
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Peasant girl turned soldier who unified France during the 100 Years’ War
JOAN OF ARC
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Spanish monarchs who unified Spain as a Christian nation by kicking out Jews and Muslim Moors
Ferdinand & Isabella
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Russian tsar who overthrew the Mongols, made his capital in Moscow and expanded Russia
IVAN THE GREAT
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Pope whose speech called for the Crusades
POPE URBAN II
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Why the Pope called Christian soldiers to join the Crusades
Muslims had taken Jerusalem
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Outcome of the 1st Crusade
Christians re-captured Jerusalem but many returned home and Muslims took it back again
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Muslim leader the Crusaders lost Jerusalem to
SALADIN
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Why Crusaders sacked Constantinople in the 4th Crusade
They wanted the city’s wealth.
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Results of the Black Death
*Population declined *scarce labor *decline of feudalism *Church loses influence *trade decreased Results of the Black Death
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*literate *worked in monasteries *translated Classic works into Latin
CHURCH SCHOLARS
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$$ effects of the Crusades
*Increased demand for luxury items from Mid East *credit and banks now used $$ effects of the Crusades
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