1. PAST PERFECT
ING400

4. A. The bomb exploded when the police arrived.
WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?
A. The bomb exploded when the police arrived.
B. The bomb had exploded when the police arrived.

7. LINKING WORDS When I arrived home, my mother had prepared pizza.
My mother had prepared pizza when I arrived home.
Before I was born, an earthquake had struck Ecuador.
An earthquake had struck Ecuador before I was born.
After I had studied accountancy, I studied Applied Linguistics.
I studied Applied Linguistics after I had studied accountancy.
Yesterday night I was pretty tired because I had read a book, graded Progresos and written an essay.

8. practice She was late for work because she………….. (miss the bus)
They talked about the film they………….. (see) .
She read the letter her husband ……….. (send) .
The teacher was satisfied with the essay he…………..  (write) .
They ate the chicken their mother……………… (cook)

9. BY THE TIME … … BECAUSE …

10. AFTER …. … BECAUSE … … BEFORE…

15. EXERCISE
Parents arrive home from holiday having left their teenage son in charge of the house. They soon realize he’s had a big party while they were away. Start: When they arrived home they saw...
A man arrived home having left his new puppy on its own for the first time. Start: When he arrived home he saw...
Someone arrived home to discover his/her partner has clearly found out about the affair he/she’d been having with his/her secretary. Start: When s/he arrived home s/he saw...
A teacher came back into the class and realized she shouldn’t have left the students on their own for that long. Start: She walked back in and saw...