1. Constitution Questions.
Ch. 8 Section 3, Ch. 9 Section 1 and the Constitution

2. Federalism
How does the government of the United States reflect the principle of Federalism?
1. The Constitution divides powers between the national (federal) government and the state governments..
Under our federal system, the Constitution prescribes three types of powers.
List each type of power, explain it and give an example one
of those powers that the Constitution prescribes
2. Enumerated Powers— powers that are specifically given to the Congress by the Constitution and that states are not permitted to exercise.
Coin money, regulate interstate and foreign trade, maintain armed forces, create federal courts
3. Reserved Powers—powers that belong to the state. They are not listed in the Constitution, but are given by the 10th Amendment that reserves for the states, the powers not granted to Congress.
Establish schools, marriage laws, regulate intrastate trade
4. Concurrent Powers— powers that are shared by the national (federal) government an the state governments. They are exercised by both levels of government at the same time
Raising taxes, borrowing money, providing for public welfare criminal justice.

3. Separation of Powers
.What is the purpose of the principle of the separation of powers? What enlightenment philosopher put forth this idea?
It ensures that no one person or group in government has too much power by giving each group different, limited powers. Charles de Montesquieu put forth this idea in his Spirit of Laws

4. Legislative Branch 6. What do they do? They make the laws
The legislative branch is bicameral, meaning it has 2 houses, list the 2 houses below and fill in the boxes below.
Senate
House of Representatives
Qualifications for office
Length of term
years old, US citizen for 9 years, resident of the state from which they are elected
year terms
years old, US Citizen for 7 years, resident of state and districted from which elected
year terms

5. Legislative Branch
13. How were Senators originally chosen? What changed that,? How was it changed?
Originally chose by the legislatures of their states, the 17th amendment changed the it so that senators are now elected by the people of the state
14. Read Article I, Section 8. How many powers are granted to congress? What are the first 5 powers granted?
Congress is granted 18 powers. The first five are: the power to tax, borrow money, regulate commerce between states and with foreign countries, establish naturalization process, and to coin money.
15. How does Article 1 Section 8 address the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
The biggest weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation were the inability of the national government to raise taxes and regulate trade. Both of those powers are granted to the government in Article 1 Section 8

6. Legislative Branch
16. What other office does the President of the Senate hold? Under what circumstances does he vote?
The Vice President in also the President of the Senate. The Vice President only votes in the Senate when there is a tie.
17. How does the “Elastic Clause’ give the government increased power?
It allows Congress to stretch its powers to make laws that are necessary to carry out its duties in situations that come up that the founders could not have foreseen.

7. Executive Branch Leader 18. President Term of Office Qualifications
year terms
Qualifications
years old, 14 years living in US, natural-born citizen
21. If something happens to the President, ( death, resignation, etc.) who takes over
the presidency?
The Vice President
22. Presidential powers are listed in Article II, Section 2. List 2 powers in clauses 1
and 2 and 1 power in clause 3.
Clause 1 - Commander and chief of the Army and Navy, He has the power to grant
pardons for offenses against the US,
Clause 2 —make treaties, appoint ambassadors, judges, etc.,
Clause 3—fill vacancies in the Senate

8. Supreme Court; Congress can establish “inferior courts”
Judicial Branch
23. What court is created in Article III, Section 1?
What does it allow the Congress to establish from “time to time”
Supreme Court; Congress can establish “inferior courts”
24. What is “original jurisdiction”?
Original jurisdiction determines which court gets to hear a case first
For which cases does the Supreme Court have “original jurisdiction?” What type of jurisdiction does it have for all other cases?
All cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those involving states. The Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction over all other cases it hears.

9. 26. What form of government is guaranteed every state?
A Republican government (people electing representatives) is guaranteed.
27. What is one way to amend the Constitution? (propose and ratify)
An amendment can be PROPOSED by 2/3 vote of both houses of the national legislature OR by a convention called by 2/3 of the state legislatures
An amendment can be RATIFIED by 3/4 of the state legislatures OR by 3/4 approval of state conventions,
28. What is the supreme law of the land? (3 parts)
The Constitution, national laws, treaties
29. If a state law and a federal law conflict, which one wins?
Federal law is supreme
30. When did the Constitutional Convention end? (Full date)
September 17, 1787