1. THE GOD PARTICLE 1 Shashwat Mandal & Christian Bach 5
ABSTRACT
Standard Model of Elementary Particles
This study is about the search of God Particle, “Higgs Bosons” out of which everything in the Universe is created. Peter Higgs in 1964 predicted the presence of Higgs Field and Higgs Bosons. He suggested that the Higgs Field is present everywhere in the Universe. Instead of particles, there are fields such as electric, gravitational, magnetic, quarks fields, therefore giving energy to this field the particles are formed and if we extract energy from this field the particles are destroyed. In search of God Particle Large Hadron Collider was built so that this particle could be detected experimentally.
Higgs Mechanism
Before entering into the Higgs Field all the elementary particles such as electrons, quarks, photons do not have mass. When this particles enters the Higgs field they interact with the field. Some of the particles have high interaction where as some has less interaction. The particles that interacts with the filed more has more mass and vice versa.
Figure 1:Standard Model of Elementary Particles
LARGE HADRON COLLIDER 5
3) Electromagnets:- They steer and focus the beam of particles through the vacuum tubes. 2
1) Particle source :- It act as source for particles such as electrons or protons which are accelerated. 4 3
4) Electric fields:- They switch from positive to negative at a given frequency which creates radio waves so that particles are accelerated in bunch. 5 5
2) Beam tube:- the beam of particles travel into the vacuum tubes at very high speed without being obstructed.
5)Detectors:- They record the radiation and the particles which are result of collision on between the particles. Here the detectors are CMS, ALICE, ATLAS ,LHCb. 1
Fig. 2 The working of Large Hadron Collider
RESULTS
CONTRIBUTION AND NEW INSIGHT
According to mathematical equation there must exist a decay pattern for the Higgs Bosons, but it was to difficult to find. On July 4, 2012 the CERN announced the existence of Higgs Bosons and hence the Theory of Peter Higgs was confirmed with the experiment.
The discovery of the Higgs field is considered very important as it is different from other fields such as electric, magnetic, gravitational as these field differs from place to place. However the Higgs field is constant everywhere is the Universe.
Better understanding of Higgs Field will help to unlock the mystery of Dark Matter and Dark Energy.
The use of Mathematical Equations helps us not only know the behavior of the Universe but also predict the events that might happen in the near future.
CONCLUSIONS
Through this experiment it was proved the existence of the Higgs Field and Higgs Bosons which can help us to understand the Universe in new way and perhaps the existence of new particles and fields.
REFERENCES
Lederman, L. & Teresi, D. (1994). The god particle : if the universe is the answer, what is the question. New York: Dell Pub