1. Porifera With pores, sessile, asymetric, diploblastic
Cells- outer pinacoderm, middle- amoebocytes and inner-choanocytes
Skeleton- spicules and spongin fibres
Water canal system
Eg: Sycon, Spongilla ( Fresh Water sponge), Euplectella ( Glass sponge)

2. Phylum Cnidaria

3. General Characteristics
They are radially symmetrical; oral end terminates in a mouth surrounded by tentacles.
They have 2 tissue layers
Outer layer of cells - the epidermis
Inner gastrodermis, which lines the gut cavity or gastrovascular cavity (gastrodermis secretes digestive juices into the gastrovascular cavity)
In between these tissue layers is a noncellular jelly-like material called mesoglea

4. Cnidarian Body Plans Polyp form
Tubular body, with the mouth directed upward.
Around the mouth are a whorl of feeding tentacles.
Only have a small amount of mesoglea
Sessile
Medusa form
Bell-shaped or umbrella shaped body, with the mouth is directed downward.
Small tentacles, directed downward.
Possess a large amount of mesoglea
Motile, move by weak contractions of body

5. Nutrition
Cnidarians are carnivores with hydras and corals consuming plankton and some of the sea anenomes consuming small fishes
They use they tentacles to capture prey and direct it toward the mouth so that it can be digested in the gastrovascular cavity via secretions from gland cells (extracellular digestion); some food is phagocytized by special cells and digestion occurs intracellularly
The gastrovascular cavity exists as 1 opening for food intake and the elimination of waste
There is no system of internal transport, gas exchange or excretion; all these processes take place via diffusion

6. Alternation of generation
Mouth or hypotostome present
Ctenophora: Comb jellies
diploblastic, tissue level organisation
An outer epidermis, mesoglea with amoebocytes, and
An inner gastrodermis
Colloblasts- on epidermis of tentacles- for prey capture
locomotion- cilia with comb plates for nutrition
Eg: Ctenoplana Hormephora

7. Platyhelminthes: Flat worms
unsegmented, bilateral symmetry, triploblastic
Acoelomate, organ system level of organisation
Suckers and hooks for holding the intestine of host
Incomplete gun – only mouth present, no anus
Excretion- Flame cells
Regeneration capacity high in Planarians
Eg; Taenia solium, Fasciola hepatica

8. NEMATHELMINTHES - Round worms / thread worms
Bilateral symmetry, Triploblastic , pseudo coelomate
Alimentary canal- complete with muscular pharynx
No respiratory and circulatory system
muscles- Circular and longitudinal
Sex- seperates; male shorter than female
Fertilisation – internal
Ascaris, Wuchereria, Ancylostoma ( Hook worm)

9. Annilida : Annullus: little ring
Triploblastic, bilateral symmetry, coelomate
Metamerism
Muscles- longitudinal and circular
Digestion – complete
Excretion- nephridia; circulation- closed
Some are bisexual
Development- indirect through Trocophore larva
Eg; Pheritima, Tubifex ( blood worm), Neries

10. Arthropoda Body – Head, thorax and abdomen
Jointed appendages, antennae, eyes ( ommatidia) and statocysts
Digestive system is complete
Chitin ; undergoes Ecdysis/ moulting
Respiration- Gills/ trachea/ Book lungs/ / Book Gills
Excretion- Malphigian tubules/ nephridia
Fertilisation- internal , oviparous
Apis , Bombyx, Laccifer, Anopheles, culex, locusts, Limulus

11. Mollusca ( soft body) Body- Head, Visceral mass , muscular foot
Radula- rasping organ
Body wall – with mantle- secretes shell
Digestion – complete; excretion- nephridia
Unisexual, external fertilisation, oviparous
Indirect development- Veliger, trocophore and Golchidium larvae

12. Echinodermata Endoskeleton- calcarious plates with spines
larvae- bilateral sym and adults- radial sym
Water vascular system with tube feet, radial canals– excretion, circulation
High regeneration capacity
development- indirect: Plateus, bipinnaria and auricularia

13. Hemichordata Body- Proboscis, collar and trunk
proboscis- Ciliated for collecting food
Mouth- between proboscis and collar
Stomochord- similar to notochord
Excretion- proboscis gland
Reproduction- sexual, dev- indirect ( tornaria)

14. Chordata Protochordata
Includes tunicates ( urochordates) and Cephalochordates
Tunicates- notochord and nerve chord present only in larva
Cephalochordates- nerve chord and notochord persistant
Vertebrata
Notochord replaced by vertebral column
Respiration – gills/lungs
Circulation – closed
-Includes Agnatha and Gnathosomata