1. Friday, September 21, 2018 Which of the following is an element? salt
oxygen
vinegar
water

2. Friday, September 21, 2018
Which of the following is NOT true about compounds?
They are held together with chemical bonds.
They can be represented with a chemical formula.
They are made up of more than one type of element.
They cannot be broken down into smaller substances.

3. TOTD Friday, September 21, 2018
Sam's mother is cooking breakfast in a cast-iron frying pan. If the pan is made only of iron, what can Sam conclude?
The pan is a pure substance with the chemical symbol Fe.
The pan is a pure substance with the chemical symbol F.
The pan is a pure substance with the chemical symbol Ir.
The pan is a pure substance with the chemical symbol I.

4. Monday, September 24, 2018 Bellringer
Suzy is examining a brass lamp. If brass is a mixture of copper and tin, what can Suzy conclude?
Brass is an impure substance composed of copper, Cu, and tin, Sn.
Brass is a pure substance represented by the symbol B.
Brass is a pure substance represented by the symbol Br.
Brass is an impure substance composed of copper, Co, and tin, Tn.

5. Label the Parts of the Element Warm Up 9/24/18
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6. If there only about 100 types of elements in the world, why are there so many different kinds of matter? 9 8 10 20 30 7 5 2 3 4
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7. Elements can combine in many different ways to form many different types of matter.

8. Describe the difference between a mixture and a compound.9 8 10 20 30 7 5 2 3 4
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9. Compounds are chemically combined, mixtures are not.

10. Define the terms:
Element
Mixture
Compound
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11. ELEMENT – matter made of only one type of atom; a pure substance
MIXTURE – a combination of different types of matter in no fixed proportion; can be physically taken apart
COMPOUND – a combination of different types of matter in specific proportions; must be chemically taken apart
MOLECULE – the smallest part of a compound that has all the properties of that compound

12. Define:
Solute
Solvent
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13. Solution – homogeneous mixture where a solute is dissolved in a solvent
Solute – the matter that gets dissolved
Solvent – the matter that does the dissolving

14. Which kind of mixture is sometimes difficult to distinguish from a compound? Why?
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15. Homogeneous mixtures because the mixtures are the same throughout

16. Elements & Atoms

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What is an Atom?
Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.
All matter is made of atoms
Atoms are the building blocks of matter, sort of how bricks are the building blocks of houses.
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18. Atomic Structure
Atoms have a nucleus that contains Protons and Neutrons
Electrons are contained in shells that surround the nucleus
An atom is made of mostly empty space
Protons have a positive charge
Electrons have a negative charge
Neutrons are Neutral

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An atom refresher
What is an atom?
An atom has three parts:
Proton = positive
Neutron = no charge
Electron = negative
The proton & neutron are found in the center of the atom, a place called the nucleus.
The electrons orbit the nucleus.
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What are elements?
Elements are the alphabet to the language of molecules.
To make molecules, you must have elements.
Elements are made of atoms. While the atoms may have different weights and organization, they are all built in the same way.
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More about Elements..
Elements are the building blocks of all matter.
The periodic table is a list of all of the elements that can build matter. It’s a little like the alphabet of chemistry.
The periodic table tells us several things…
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Periodic Table
Atomic Number:
Number of protons and it is also the number of electrons in an atom of an element. 8 O
Element’s Symbol: An abbreviation for the element.
Oxygen
Elements Name
Atomic Mass/Weight:
Number of protons + neutrons.
(located in the nucleus) 16
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Atom Models
There are two models of the atoms; however, we will be using the Bohr Model
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24. Bohr Models
Niels Bohr created a visual model of the atom to make them easy to understand
A Bohr Model contains a central nucleus surrounded by electron shells
For each model you state the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus and draw a dot on the electron shells for each electron

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Bohr Model
The Bohr Model shows all of the particles in the atom.
In the center is circles. Each circle represents a single neutron or proton. Protons should have a plus or P written on them. Neutrons should be blank or have an N.
In a circle around the nucleus are the electrons. Electrons should have a minus sign or an e. - + + -
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26. Electrons have special rules….
You can’t just shove all of the electrons into the first orbit of an electron.
Electrons live in something called shells or energy levels.
Only so many can be in any certain shell.
The electrons in the outer most shell of any element are called valance electrons
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Nucleus
1st shell
2nd shell
3rd shell
Adapted from
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28. Valence Electrons
Electron Shell
Number of Electrons 1 2 8 3 4 18 5 6 32 7
Each electron shell can hold a certain number of electrons
Electron shells are filled from the inside (starting after the nucleus) out
Noble Gases have full outer electron shells
All other elements have partially filled outer electron shells

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So let’s try it….
How to draw a Lithium atom
First, look at the Periodic Table
Second, determine the number of protons the atomic number)
Then determine the number of neutrons (Atomic mass – atomic number)
Then determine the number of electrons the atomic number) 3 Li
Lithium 7
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So let’s try it….
Protons = 3 3 Li
Lithium 7 - + + + - -
Electrons = 3
2 in the 1st shell, 1 in the 2nd shell
Neutrons = 4
(7-3=4)
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31. Becoming An Ion Electrons are negatively charged
Protons are positively charged
Neutral atoms do not have a charge because the number of protons is the same as the number of electrons
When atoms gain or lose electrons they become positively or negatively charged
An atom with a charge is called an Ion

32. Noble Gas Stability
Atoms want to gain stability
Atoms will try to gain or lose electrons to have a full valence shell
Metals try to lose electrons
Non-Metals try to gain electrons