1. Safety-Critical Real-Time Support
Krithi Ramamritham

2. X-by-wire Throttle-by-wire Brake-by-wire Steer-by-wire
will gradually replace nearly
every mechanical linkage/cable, hydraulic line in a vehicle
with electronic sensors and motors.
-- opportunity
to increase safety, performance, and fuel-efficiency
to reduce design and manufacturing costs

3. X-by-wire Demands extreme attention & rigour
in hardware, software, networking components
-- comparable to aerospace, medical and nuclear domains

4. Need for COTS

5. Reusable prevalidated components
Software Components
power-trains (engine, transmission)
chassis control (brakes, suspension)
– synchronous and continuous
with tight timing requirements
body control – asynchronous, sporadically invoked events with less stringent timing requirement
infotainment – multimedia, soft real-time
to develop an architecture that makes application components
reusable, flexible to deploy, and yet
are predictable in their real-time, safety and security properties.
prevalidated but subsequently modifiable control actions

6. Reconfigurable Components
Allows for design that
is not overly pessimistic
handles abnormalities that are outside the design space.
Crucial code is designed to be failsafe or fail-soft
while also allowing for replacing the failed component
Example: If break-pedal sensor is found to be inoperative
vehicle can move to a mode where the system
can gracefully halt.

7. Vision When a vehicle is being serviced,
new software can replace buggy software, or software can be reconfigured,
or parameters tuned for better performance.
Before the vehicle leaves the service station, diagnostics and validation checks can be performed.

8. Need highly integrated embedded solutions SoC - systems on chips
integration of multiple RT OS architectures
time-triggered and event-triggered systems
hard real-time, soft real-time and non real-time
robust networking support
integrating: CAN, TTP, FlexRay,TT-Ethernet…
smart sensor (networks)
reconfigurable, location-aware, low-power
tools for simulation, certification, validation

9. X-by-Wire is upon us
Will have to be based on COTS components cost-effectiveness and
agility to new demands
Internationally, the automotive industry is in the formative stage for defining the X-by-Wire architecture & COTS components
Researchers should get involved early