1. The Crusades
Chapter 10
Lesson 2
Pg. 327

2. Jerusalem = The Holy Land

3. Holy Land, see map on pg. 327 The Holy Land is the city of Jerusalem.
The Holy Land is the city of Jerusalem.
It was religious land because Jesus and Muhammad had lived there.
This land was sacred to Jews, Christians and Muslims.

4. The Crusades = Fighting for Jerusalem
The Crusades Intro

5. Roman Catholic Hierarchy, pg. 322
Roman Catholic - The Christian church that is under the authority of the pope.

6. What Caused the Crusades?
Muslims (Seljuk Turks) took control of Jerusalem “The Holy Land” in 1071.
Pope Urban II asked for an army to take back Jerusalem. The pope said that any person who would fight would be forgiven of their sins so they could still go to heaven.
As a sign of their fighting for their religion, each crusader wore a red cross on their shield, armor, helmet, cape or other clothes

7. Warriors of the Crusades
Muslim
Christian

8. The Crusades - Definition
A series of religious wars started by Pope Urban II in against Muslims over the control of the Holy Land “Jerusalem”.

9. The Holy Land
To Christians-it was the place where Jesus was crucified.
To Muslims-it was the place where Muhammad met three earlier prophets Abraham, Moses and Jesus.
To Jews- it was the site of the ancient temple built by Solomon
Three major religious groups claimed Jerusalem in the land of Palestine as their holy city.

10. Jerusalem The Holy Land

11.  What Happened?
The goal was to capture the city of Jerusalem
There were 8 different Crusades between
In the end, the Crusaders did not succeed, but they learned from their enemy and brought back new goods and new ideas.

12. Pg. 328

13. The First Crusade, pg. 328
After two years of travel, the Crusaders reached Jerusalem. The Crusaders did not bring enough supplies, many died along the way or were captured.
After some very hard fighting, the Crusaders won and captured Jerusalem.
Video: The First Crusade

14. Muslims Return to Power under Saladin / The 2nd Crusade, Pg. 328-329
Muslim forces recaptured many states taken by the Crusaders.
Christians kept control of some, but Muslims were able to recapture Jerusalem in 1187 under the leadership of Saladin.
Video: The 2nd Crusade

15. The Third Crusade / The Fourth Crusade, pg. 329
The pope called for more crusades to retake the city of Jerusalem. None were successful.

16. Muslims Recapture The Holy Land pg. 329
By 1270 the Muslims drove the Crusaders out of The Holy Land and the wars ended.
Christian traders remained in Palestine and Christians could visit the Holy Land for a pilgrimage.

17. Effects of the Crusades, pg. 330
Crusaders brought Asian goods back to Europe.
Europe had new spices, furs, cloth, sugar, rice and new fruits.
Video: Effects
Trade increased and European towns grew
Christians became hostile towards Jews
Muslims allowed Jews and Christians to live in peace

18. The Reconquista in Spain, pg. 330
In the Iberian Peninsula, the Christians defeated Muslim forces. The Church punished people who were not Christian. Many non Christians were tortured and executed by the court. Video: Spanish Inquisition
This court was called the Inquisition.