1. Chapter 7 Asian Civilizations (China, Japan, Mongolia)
World History
Chapter 7
Asian Civilizations
(China, Japan, Mongolia)

2. China Religion Confucianism Founder: Confucian
Through proper conduct, one can solve problems of society and achieve absolute happiness
Focus on maintaining harmony & social order

3. China Religion Confucianism - Founder: Confucius
Became guiding philosophy of China’s educational, social, political system
As a result, Chinese politics was dominated by scholars and their goal to serve in government (civil service exam)
Korea – scholars
Japan – warriors (samurai)

4. China
Promotes active lifestyle & fulfilling one’s obligations for order in society
5 proper relationships
Parent – Child
Master – Servant
Husband – Wife
Elder – Younger
Friend - Friend

5. China 2. Taoism Founder: Lao-tzu
Finding peace and happiness in harmony with nature
Everything is useless
(20th century Existentialism – Sartre, Camus)

6. China
2. Taoism
Basis of mystical, magical, superstitious elements in Chinese society
Passive lifestyle; frees man from responsibility

7. China Chinese Dynasties 1. Shang Dynasty - earliest Chinese dynasty
2. Chou Dynasty
longest dynasty; classical/formative age;
China’s culture is formed – family life, ancestral worship
Confucian + Taoist thought developed
- Government was de-centralized

8. China 3. Chin Dynasty “First Emperor” Shih Huang Ti (247-210 BC)
Gives China its name
Forms one strong centralized government
Standardizes weight, measurements, coinage system, Chinese writing
Construction of Great Wall of China to defend against barbarian Huns attacks (runs 1,400 miles)

9. China 4. Han Dynasty Established in 202 BC
Very popular; Chinese call themselves “Han”
Famous Han ruler: Wu Ti ( BC)
Introduces civil service system for well-trained government officials – public examination
Establishes period of “Pax Sinica” (Chinese Peace)
Trade routes open to the West – Silk Road
Tang Dynasty
Sung Dynasty

10. China
5. Tang Dynasty
Golden Age that established stable government, increase trade, and advanced work of art, literature, architecture
Expands empire
6. Sung Dynasty
Politically weak; unable to fend off northern barbarians
Still active trade and art flourished (Porcelain, painting, printing)

11. Japan
Geographically remote – island (four sides are surrounded by water)
For centuries remained isolated from rest of the world civilizations
Mountainous – less than 20% of land is suitable for farming
(vs. Korea – 30% farming land)

12. Japan Japan composed for 4 large islands
(Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku)
Religion: Shintoism (“way of the gods”)
form of nature worship
Attribute deity to anything in nature
(worship fire, tree, stone)
* Passed down legends and myths

13. Japan
Divided into numbers of warring clans – groups of families claiming descent from a common ancestor
Each clan had its own land, god, chieftain (political & religious leader)
Yamato clan – centered on the islands of Honshu – forged unified Japanese state

14. Japan Influenced by China & Korea
- Cultural invasion of ideas, learning, art
- during Tang dynasty (golden age)
1. Chinese writing – written record

15. Japan 2. Buddhism - flowed into Japan
(Buddhist monks from Korea Bekje)
- Prince Shotoku, member of royal
family believed in Buddhism
- he built temples, hospitals, schools
- young people studied agriculture, science, architecture, law, philosophy

16. Japan Jimmu Tenno – 1st emperor of Japan Taika Reform “Great Change”
Based on Tang Dynasty – strong centralized bureaucracy
Extend the power of the emperor
(weaken the influence of local chieftains)
Fujiwara – married their daughters to sons of the imperial family

17. Japan Shogun / warrior class
Powerless emperor granted Yoritomo the title of “shogun” (=great general)
Warrior class became the ruling class (samurai – bushido 무사도)
way of the warrior

18. The Mongols
Steppes: vast grassy plains (Western China to eastern Europe) - it became the highway along tribes move to seek food
Huns: nomads who moved into China and Europe
Turks: moved into Byzantine Empire
Mongols: united Central Asia

19. The Mongols Mongols: arise from northern China (now Mongolia)
Raised sheep, goats, horses
Divided into small tribes (no central government)
1162 AD – Temujin

20. The Mongols
1162 AD: Temujin succeeded his father as leader and united all the Mongols under his authority
He became the “lord of all the people dwelling in felt tents”. Founder of Mongol dominance and greatest conqueror
1206 AD: people gave him the name “Genghis Khan” (= universal ruler)

21. The Mongols Genghis Khan: one of the greatest conquerors in history
Organized the Mongols into a well-disciplined fighting force
Organization & mobility of his army
Divided into groups of 10, 100, 1000
Speed fighting using horses
Horses = modern day tanks

22. The Mongols
Conquered northern China, central Asia, Indus River, Persia, into southern Russia
Terrorized conquered territory – massacre entire cities
Left fear, destruction, death

23. The Mongols Conquering continued with his sons & grandsons
Completed conquest of China, Russia, and Muslim states
Sacked Baghdad, broke the power of Seljuk Turks
Empire became too big to rule by one person

24. The Mongols Mongols rule entire China – Yuan Dynasty
Sung Dynasty (south of China) was finally conquered by Mongols
Conquest of China completed by grandson Kublai Khan

25. The Mongols Kublai Khan: one of the last Great Khans
Conquered southern China and moved the capital to Beijing (Yuan Dynasty)
Yuan is the first foreign dynasty to rule all of China
Kublai built highways to facilitate trade and communication between China and rest of Asia

26. The Mongols
Invited missionaries, scholars, artists, engineers from all over the world to work for him
Marco Polo (from Italy) lived in China for 17 yrs. and served Kublai Khan
Wrote about his travels and his stories spread in Europe

27. The Mongols
After Kublai Khan’s death, his successors grew weak and Mongol Empire falls apart
Empire is broken down into independent Mongol kingdoms
Ming dynasty restores Chinese rule (1368)
Chinese despised Mongol rule – led to anti-foreign spirit & closed China to outside influence

28. The Mongols
Batu Khan (another grandson of Genghis) led Mongols to Europe – conquered Russia, Poland, Hungary
But stops his advances when hears about the death of Great Khan
He sets his headquarters in Russia (Volga River) and is known as “Golden Horde” = Golden Camp

29. The Mongols
For 250 years, Russia is under Mongol rule. Ties with Europe and Byzantine Empire weaken and Asian influence grows stronger
Russian leaders cooperate with Mongol rulers and become their tax collectors
Khan later recognizes prince of Moscow as Grand Prince of Russia

30. The Mongols
Moscow becomes an important center of Russian nations – location was ideal for
1. Trade (inland waterways)
2. Defense from enemies
Orthodox Church center is moved from Kiev (Ukraine) to Moscow – religious center of Russia

31. The Mongols
Moscow prospered and becomes powerful and Golden Horde (Mongols) weaken
14thC Russia challenge the Mongols and Ivan III ( ) refuses to pay tribute to the Mongols
Moscow becomes independent and continues as political & religious capital

32. The Mongols
Late 14th C Tamerlane attempts to rebuild Genghis’ empire. He belongs to a Mongol-Turkish tribe
Begins Mongol invasions and sweeps across Muslim lands – southwestern Asia, Baghdad, Damascus, Ottoman Turks in Asia Minor
Tamerlane leads his army to India and destroys Dehli, but doesn’t leave a lasting empire

33. The Mongols Important Influence of Mongols Growth of Trade
Mongols valued trade because they could tax it – made the roads safe again for the Silk Road to flourish once again
@Eurasia - between Asia, Europe, Middle East
2. Increase of communication
Yam system using bronze passports (riders on horseback passing information – pony express)
3. Exchange of culture between civilizations (technology, food, ideas, systems)