1. Chemistry of Life

2. add a slide with molecule image of all 4 macros and have them find the atoms they have most of and in common. Connect that to their food and reactions

3. The Structure and Function of Macromolecules
“ “You are what you eat”

4. Carbon Bonding
Organic molecules are made mostly of carbon. Most matter in living organisms is made of organic molecules.
Use pg to answer the following question:
How do carbon’s bonding properties contribute to the existence of a wide variety of biological molecules?

5. Carbon One of the most important elements found in living things
Has 4 valence electrons which means it can form 4 bonds with other carbon atoms or other elements such as hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), phosphorous (P) 5

6. Macromolecules (polymers)
Large Carbon Molecules-- are made from simpler molecules
A monomer is a small, single molecules
A polymer is a made of monomers linked in a long chain
Macromolecules are large/GIANT polymers(can be thousands long)
Use plastic “baby” toys to demonstrate.
The monomers can be the same like in a watch band or different like in a bead necklace.

7. What is a MACROmolecule?
A Large molecule with a complex structure
A polymer built from monomers
Macromolecule
“little” molecule

8. Poly - mer
Many
Parts
A long molecule made of monomers bonded together

9. Mono - mer One Part The “building blocks” of polymers
A monomer is a sub-unit of a polymer.

10. Three of life’s organic macromolecules are polymers
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic acids

11. EXAMPLES
What do all these pictures have in common? They are large, complex structures that were all built by small “monomers” or building blocks called Legos.

12. Explain to your partner how these Lego structures are like Polymers
Think – Pair – Share

13. Why would polymers need to be broken down?
Think-Pair-Share
Why would polymers need to be broken down?

14. CARBOHYDRATES

15. Carbohydrates (polysaccharides) Atoms: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Monomers = MONOSACCHARIDE (single sugar)
Polymer= Polysaccharide
FUNCTIONS-
1.) Major fuel/energy source for cells
2.) Building/structural material in plants

16. Ex: Starch is the plant form for energy storage
Polymer= polysaccharide (means many- sugars)
Ex: Starch is the plant form for energy storage
Cellulose is fiber like structural material made of glucose monomers used in plant cell walls

17. Explain to your shoulder partner how a single glucose made into larger sugars?

18. Now with your shoulder partner, use your 4 carbohydrate cut outs and explain to them how a single glucose molecule (monomer) is made into a large Macromolecule like starch or cellulose. BE SURE to point out EXACTLY which atoms from both glucose molecules are involved.

19. What reaction forms the bonds between the monosaccharides to become a disaccharide or a polysaccharide?
Condensation reaction(Dehydration synthesis)

22. Examples of Carbs

23. Why is Cellulose so strong?
Glucose monomers are flipped to expose equal Hydroxyl groups on either side of the chain
When Cellulose chains are lined up next to each other, they Hydrogen Bond making a strong material that’s difficult to break!

24. What reaction breaks the bond between the glucose molecules in glycogen so the monomers can be used for fuel?
Hydrolysis

25. Carbs (cont.)
Plants and some animals also use carbohydrates (cellulose) for structural purposes (wood)

26. PROTEINS

27. Monomer= amino acid
Polymer= polypeptide

28. Proteins Atoms: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
FUNCTIONS=-
Some are enzymes that make/break chemical bonds
transport materials through the cell membrane
Connected together to make physical body structures-muscles, skin, hair, etc

29. What do ALL amino acids have in common
What do ALL amino acids have in common? What is the 1 part of them that is different?

30. Proteins Monomers =amino acids. Amino acid chains= proteins
Can be thousands long
The number and order of amino acid determine protein type

31. 20 different amino acids
The number and sequence of amino acids determine the shape of the protein

32. Did you know?
Our body can only synthesize 12 of the 20 amino acids.

33. Think – Pair – Share
Where do we get the other 8 amino acids?

34. Polymers= polypeptide
H20
Peptide Bonds connect amino
Acids to form
Polypeptide chains

35. Polymer= peptide (protein)
The 20 different amino acids differ in their properties due to differing side chains , called ‘R’ groups. number and order of amino acids determines the type of protein.
The 20 different amino acids differ in their properties due to differing side chains , called ‘R’ groups. number and order of amino acids determines the type of protein.

36. Proteins
The instructions for arranging amino acids into many different proteins are stored in DNA.

37. Monomers, as you know, can get together to form polymers.
This is a diagram of two amino acids getting together to start forming a protein.

38. What small molecule is formed as the protein chain grows?
That’s right, H2O, also known as WATER.
This is called “dehydration synthesis”, and it’s a very common way for polymers to form from monomers.

39. NUCLEIC ACIDS

40. Nucleic Acid MONOMER= a 3 piece UNIT called a nucleotide
Phosphate Group
5-carbon sugar
Nitrogen base

41. Polymer=DNA Double Stranded
Covalent bond
Hydrogen bond

43. Polymer = (2 Types) DNA or RNA
DNA RNA
ID 3 similarities and 3 differences

44. Nucleic Acids Atoms: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous.
FUNCTIONS-
1.)store/transmit hereditary/genetic info(that controls the making of traits/bodies).
A gene is a section of DNA that controls the making of a trait

47. LIPIDS What are Lipids? Fats, phospholipids, steroids, waxes, pigments
Hydrophobic (“hydro”=water; “phobic” = fearing)
Consist mostly of hydrocarbons
Do NOT consist of polymers

49. Lipids Atoms: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Monomer= NO true monomer/polymer
FUNCTIONS
1.) Store energy
2.) form cell membranes(main macro. in membrane)
EX: fats, oils, waxes, steroids, and phospholipids
They have a glycerol head that’s hydrophilic and fatty acid tails that are hydrophobic

55. Saturated and Unsaturated Fats
(b) Unsaturated fat and fatty acid
cis double bond
causes bending
Oleic acid
Unsaturated fats :
one or more double bonds between carbons in the fatty acids allows for “kinks” in the tails
liquid at room temp
most plant fats
Saturated fats:
No double bonds in fatty acid tails
solid at room temp
most animal fats
(a) Saturated fat and fatty acid
Stearic acid

57. Phospholipids
Structure: Glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphate group.
Function: Main structural component of membranes, where they arrange in bilayers.

58. Waxes
Function:
Lipids that serve as coatings for plant parts and as animal coverings.

59. Macromolecule practice
The following picture is a monomer for which macromolecule?
What is the monomer for carbs?
The job of lipids is what?
What’s the difference between a monomer
and a polymer?