1. Introduction

3. Course objectives
Understand how living and non-living environments are interrelated
Understand how cells function
Understand principles of heredity
Understand how the human body functions

4. Science in Popular Culture

6. Science and You

7. Goals Scientific literacy Understanding scientific process & thinking
Inference
Make informed decisions on biological issues that effect your life

8. Outline Science Scientific method Scientific experimentation
What & how
Scientific method
Scientific experimentation
Patterns in science

9. What is Science?
The observation, identification, description, experimental investigation and theoretical explanation of natural phenomena

10. Characteristics of Science
Methodological activity
Inquisitive
Inquiry based
Critical thinking
Empirical evidence
Logical reasoning
Patterns

11. Science is a way of investigating nature/ universe

12. Is Science the Truth Truth has many definitions
Scientific truth is fact based
What we know and understand based on all currently available information
Established by a reliable method
Scientific method

13. Fact
Something that has actual existence; an actual occurrence; a piece of information presented as having objective reality

14. Dogma
A principle, belief, or statement of idea or opinion especially one authoritatively considered to be absolute truth

15. Scientific Method
Formal process by which scientists collectively, over time, work to construct an accurate (reliable, consistent, non-arbitrary) representation of the world
Fact based
Standardized procedures to minimize bias and prejudice
Repeatability provides validity

16. Hypothesis vs Theory

17. Hypothesis Tentative answer or explanation to a question
Based on background information
Address cause and effect
Simple & reasonable explanation
Testable question
Falsifiable

18. Scientific Theory
A comprehensive explanation supported by abundant evidence
Comprehensive explanation incorporates many tested hypotheses
Supported by repeated testing
Addresses why

19. Scientific Method Observation Question Hypothesis Prediction
Experiment
Conclusion

20. Scientific Experiment
Independent variable
Variable that is manipulated
Dependent variable
Potentially influenced by independent variable
Standardized variable
Variables held constant
Confounding factors
Control group
Subjects not receiving experimental treatment

22. Graphs & Figures help identify patterns in data

23. Graphs & Figures help identify patterns in data

24. Correlation vs Causation
Correlation is a relationship between two variables
Causation is relationship between cause and effect

25. Sample Size Bigger is better!!
Random is better too!!

27. Patterns in Science Scale Form and function Taxonomy Evolution
Interconnections within systems
Form and function
Taxonomy
Identification, Organization & understanding
Evolution
Unity of life

28. Scale

29. Scale

30. Scale

31. Scale

32. Scale in Biology Interconnections in Systems

33. Form and Function

34. Form and Function

35. Form and Function and Function

36. Patterns of Form and Function occurs at all scales of Life

37. Taxonomy Identification, Organization & Understanding

38. Taxonomy Identification, Organization & Understanding

39. Domains are the least inclusive category
Prokaryote vs Eukaryote

41. Unity of life

44. Evolution

49. Mechanisms of evolution
Darwin
Natural selection
Differential reproductive success- individuals best suited for a given environment will survive and contribute more off spring to the next generation