1. AP Chapter 21 Environmental Policy

2. Federalism
US environmental policy involves state co-operation in order to work
Fed tries to control with EIS
Nat. Environ. Act of 1969-

3. Controversial
Issue groups on the environment tend to be some of the most adversarial
The sides of the issues are somewhat emotionally charged from the onset
Hard to prove/determine the outcome of the policy
Geography is a major part of it

4. Sectionalism
Each region of the country face unique environmental concerns
Earthquakes vs hurricanes
Sun vs snow
Floods vs drought
Most solutions become client issues

5. NIMBY-ism No one wants the bad stuff- only the good
Ex- nuclear waste deposits

6. Etrepreneurial model Few pay, all benefit
Oil spills, global warming, protecting an endangered species (Lakeside MS)

8. Majoritarian model
All pay, all benefit (must believe that the costs are relatively low)
Clean air, EPA laws,
Endangered species
High cost- gas tax
(prices rise to the consumer)

9. Interest Group model Few pay, few benefit
Acid rain prevention, zoning laws
The Superfund

10. Client model All pay, few benefit Agriculture laws (low % of farmers)
Pesticides, fertilizer, forestry

11. The question….
Many environmental issues are from the pro-active viewpoint
Reactive is too late and is usually a political nightmare
(think school safety issues- too late is very bad)

13. The solutions…..
The means justifying the ends is tough when the end is uncertain
Uncertain is a big roll of the dice on some issues (2 headed fish)
Usually a cost/benefit argument
Can we measure the results/goals?
Command-and-control policy by Congress

14. The Superfund
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act President Carter
Taxed chemical and petroleum co’s
Gave US govt. power to sue co’s who polluted
Deals with hazardous waste/ brown- fields

15. The effectiveness of the Super Fund
Hard to find a company to sue
Time consuming to clean up sites- some had been built on
The sheer # of sites overwhelmed the EPA
(Love Canal- NY)

17. (worms by the way are now an invasive species in Ohio)
Many issues are becoming global….. A whole-nother can of worms…
(worms by the way are now an invasive species in Ohio)