1. Principles of Human Movement Therapists Involvement Gentiles Model Map of Essential Concepts Conclusion DM McKeough © 2009

2. Goal Directed Movement Gentiles Model Gentiles Model Gentiles Model Gentiles Model Therapist involvement Therapist involvement Therapist involvement Therapist involvement Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion Last Viewed Last Viewed Exit Concept Map Concept Map

3. Goal Directed Movement GoalStrategySelective Attention Motor Plan Decision Regulatory Stimuli R2 R1 KR KP Where can a therapist impact goal directed movement? Last Viewed Last Viewed Exit Concept Map Concept Map Goal Dir Movement Goal Dir Movement

4. Therapists Impact on Goal Directed Movement 1/13 Goal StrategySelective Attention Motor Plan Decision Regulatory Stimuli R2 R1 KR KP High Impact Low Impact Last Viewed Last Viewed Exit Concept Map Concept Map Goal Dir Movement Goal Dir Movement

5. Therapists Impact on Goal Directed Movement 2/13 Goal selection Goal selection In the end, the only goal that matters, is the one the performer is trying to attain. In the end, the only goal that matters, is the one the performer is trying to attain. The therapist can only negotiate with the performer to arrive at a mutually acceptable goal. The therapist can only negotiate with the performer to arrive at a mutually acceptable goal. Therapists decision in goal selection is two fold: Therapists decision in goal selection is two fold: Skill development: selecting progressively harder goals (taxonomy) Skill development: selecting progressively harder goals (taxonomy) Motivation: performer satisfaction vs frustration Motivation: performer satisfaction vs frustration Last Viewed Last Viewed Exit Concept Map Concept Map Goal Dir Movement Goal Dir Movement

6. Therapists Impact on Goal Directed Movement 3/13 Strategy Strategy Based on knowledge of task requirements, and how movement is controlled, the therapist plays a major role in helping the performer to select an effective strategy to achieve the goal. Based on knowledge of task requirements, and how movement is controlled, the therapist plays a major role in helping the performer to select an effective strategy to achieve the goal. During sit-to-stand transfer During sit-to-stand transfer Lean forward until your nose is over your toes, then push up with your legs Lean forward until your nose is over your toes, then push up with your legs Last Viewed Last Viewed Exit Concept Map Concept Map Goal Dir Movement Goal Dir Movement

7. Therapists Impact on Goal Directed Movement 4/13 Regulatory stimuli Regulatory stimuli Those aspects of the strategy that are essential to goal accomplishment. Those aspects of the strategy that are essential to goal accomplishment. Each strategy has a different set of regulatory stimuli. Each strategy has a different set of regulatory stimuli. The therapist plays a major role in informing the performer which stimuli are essential and must be attended to selectively for incorporation into the movement plan and which stimuli are nonessential and may be ignored. The therapist plays a major role in informing the performer which stimuli are essential and must be attended to selectively for incorporation into the movement plan and which stimuli are nonessential and may be ignored. Last Viewed Last Viewed Exit Concept Map Concept Map Goal Dir Movement Goal Dir Movement

8. Motor equivalence MotorEquivalence 5/13 Last Viewed Last Viewed Exit Concept Map Concept Map Goal Dir Movement Goal Dir Movement

9. Therapists Impact on Goal Directed Movement 6/13 Selective attention Selective attention Given a limited attention capacity, performers must attend selectively to the stimuli that are regulatory given the strategy they have selected. Given a limited attention capacity, performers must attend selectively to the stimuli that are regulatory given the strategy they have selected. The therapist cannot assist the performer in selectively attending. The therapist cannot assist the performer in selectively attending. Last Viewed Last Viewed Exit Concept Map Concept Map Goal Dir Movement Goal Dir Movement

10. Therapists Impact on Goal Directed Movement 7/13 Motor plan Motor plan The program of neuromotor instructions for producing the movement pattern that implements the selected strategy. The program of neuromotor instructions for producing the movement pattern that implements the selected strategy. The therapist cannot assist in formulating the motor plan. The therapist cannot assist in formulating the motor plan. Last Viewed Last Viewed Exit Concept Map Concept Map Goal Dir Movement Goal Dir Movement

11. Motor Plan 8/13 A motor plan is the motor equivalent of a symphony A motor plan is the motor equivalent of a symphony A symphony is comprised of the score for every instrument in the orchestra A symphony is comprised of the score for every instrument in the orchestra The score is instructing each instrument what note to play, when and how strongly The score is instructing each instrument what note to play, when and how strongly The symphony is performed when each instrument contributes its notes at the appropriate time with the appropriate intensity The symphony is performed when each instrument contributes its notes at the appropriate time with the appropriate intensity A motor plan is comprised of the neural activation patter for every muscle involved in the movement A motor plan is comprised of the neural activation patter for every muscle involved in the movement The motor plan is instructing each muscle when to contract and with how much intensity The motor plan is instructing each muscle when to contract and with how much intensity A movement is produced when each muscle contributes its force at the appropriate time A movement is produced when each muscle contributes its force at the appropriate time Prime movers, secondary movers, stabilizers, neutralizes, antagonists Prime movers, secondary movers, stabilizers, neutralizes, antagonists Last Viewed Last Viewed Exit Concept Map Concept Map Goal Dir Movement Goal Dir Movement

12. Therapists Impact on Goal Directed Movement 9/13 Response 1 Response 1 The initiation of a first attempt at implementing the selected movement strategy. The initiation of a first attempt at implementing the selected movement strategy. If synchronized force production at initiation is a regulatory stimulus, the PT could impose an external temporal pacer (ready, set, go). If synchronized force production at initiation is a regulatory stimulus, the PT could impose an external temporal pacer (ready, set, go). Last Viewed Last Viewed Exit Concept Map Concept Map Goal Dir Movement Goal Dir Movement

13. Therapists Impact on Goal Directed Movement 10/13 Knowledge of Results (KR) Knowledge of Results (KR) Knowledge of results is terminal, extrinsic feedback about the outcome of the movement, in terms of the movement goal. Knowledge of results is terminal, extrinsic feedback about the outcome of the movement, in terms of the movement goal. One of the most important roles of the therapist is to augment KR One of the most important roles of the therapist is to augment KR Last Viewed Last Viewed Exit Concept Map Concept Map Goal Dir Movement Goal Dir Movement

14. Therapists Impact on Goal Directed Movement 11/13 Knowledge of Performance (KP) Knowledge of Performance (KP) Knowledge of performance is concurrent, intrinsic feedback about the movement pattern used to achieve the goal. Knowledge of performance is concurrent, intrinsic feedback about the movement pattern used to achieve the goal. The therapist can do little to augment KP. The therapist can do little to augment KP. Therapists can draw performers attention to KP to assist achieving the goal (begin pushing up when you feel your weight in your toes) Therapists can draw performers attention to KP to assist achieving the goal (begin pushing up when you feel your weight in your toes) Last Viewed Last Viewed Exit Concept Map Concept Map Goal Dir Movement Goal Dir Movement

15. Therapists Impact on Goal Directed Movement 12/13 Decision Decision The process of evaluating response effectiveness in achieving the goal is an area where the therapist can play a major role. The process of evaluating response effectiveness in achieving the goal is an area where the therapist can play a major role. Last Viewed Last Viewed Exit Concept Map Concept Map Goal Dir Movement Goal Dir Movement

16. Therapists Impact on Goal Directed Movement 13/13 Response 2 (R2) Response 2 (R2) Depending on the result of the evaluation and decision process, the performer may choose to repeat R1 under similar circumstances or try a different strategy for R2. Depending on the result of the evaluation and decision process, the performer may choose to repeat R1 under similar circumstances or try a different strategy for R2. Last Viewed Last Viewed Exit Concept Map Concept Map Goal Dir Movement Goal Dir Movement

17. Conclusion In goal directed movement, the movement is a means of solving the problem of how to attain the goal In goal directed movement, the movement is a means of solving the problem of how to attain the goal There are 2 types of goals There are 2 types of goals Movement as a means to achieving the goal Movement as a means to achieving the goal The movement pattern is the goal itself The movement pattern is the goal itself Movement is controlled by a logical and consistent problem solving process Movement is controlled by a logical and consistent problem solving process There are certain steps in the problem solving process where a therapist can effectively assist the performer There are certain steps in the problem solving process where a therapist can effectively assist the performer Last Viewed Last Viewed Exit Concept Map Concept Map Goal Dir Movement Goal Dir Movement

18. The End © DM McKeough 2009 Last Viewed Last Viewed Exit Concept Map Concept Map Goal Dir Movement Goal Dir Movement