4. The Easter Rising, 1916

5. 1920-1922 Partition & Independence
26 southern counties gain independence: Eire, or Ireland
6 northeastern counties (Northern Ireland) remain part of the United Kingdom

9. “The Troubles”

11. Provisional IRA (Nationalists)
Goal: a reunified Irish Republic, free from British rule

13. Loyalists (Unionists)
fighting against Irish republicanism

15. The British State officially neutral.
in practice, often colluded with loyalist paramilitaries.
seen as an army of occupation by many Catholics.

16. Bloody Sunday
30 January 1972

17. 13 shot dead, including 7 teenagers; many others injured
15 June 2010: David Cameron apologizes on behalf of the British government

18. IRA Bombing Campaign - England
Brighton, 1984

19. City of London, 1993

20. Manchester, 1996

21. b. 1939, to a Catholic family in County Derry, on border with Eire
1972 – moves to Irish Republic, became Irish citizen
1995 – wins Nobel Prize for Literature

23. “Digging”
The SPADE of his father and grandfather?

24. “Digging”
Or the GUN of the Troubles?

25. “Digging”
Or a third choice, the PEN?

26. “Digging”
“Between my finger and my thumb The squat pen rests; snug as a gun.” (ll. 1-2) […] The squat pen rests. I’ll dig with it.” (ll.29-31)

27. The Bog Poems

28. “The Grauballe Man”

31. The Dying Gaul (Musei Capitolini)

32. The Dying Gaul (detail)

33. Windeby Girl (‘Punishment’)

34. Alleged drug dealer tarred and feathered by loyalists, 2007