1. Translate the following
an unhappy boy, 
a red apple
Do you know where I left the car keys?
Did you read the book which I gave you?
Having a university degree is very important.

2. Zero Article

3. English uses the zero article, i. e
English uses the zero article, i.e., no article in many cases where Arabic utilizes the definite article.

5. Translate into Arabic Water consists of oxygen and hydrogen.
We visited Rome last month.
Man connot live without air.
People consider dignity important in their lives.
Children need milk in their early stages.
Amman is the capital city of Jordan.
Wine is forbidden to Muslims.
Ali drinks coffee in the morning.
Mike is travelling to China tomorrow.
My brother will go to university in autumn.

6. Regular and Irregular Plural Morphemes
Some of these irregular morphemes are Anglo-saxson, e.g. foot - feet, ox - oxen, deer - deer, etc.
Others are foreign (Latin and Greek), e.g. phenomenon - phenomena, thesis – theses

7. Arabic

8. Arabic duality, however, employs one regular morpheme ان/ين regardless of whether the noun requires regular or broken plurality,

9. Exercises The dogs kept barking all night long.
Earthquakes are natural phenomena.
The President received the winners at the airport.
Cats and mice are considered traditional enemies.
Farmers constitute an important sector in Jordan.

11. Abstract Nouns

12. Translate into Arabic
Arabs consider honor and dignity important virtues.
Love and hate constitute a main theme in literature.
Ali's remarks came as a surprise to everyone at the meeting.
The general was executed for treachery.
Your comments on my paper were most valuable.
Motherhood is highly esteemed in the Arab world.
Most philosophers have dealt with right and wrong in their works.
Sufferance constitutes an integral part of human life.