1. The rise of Monarchies

2. What is a monarchy?
Monarchy – a form of government where supreme power is held by one person
Leadership is passed down from older family members
Two types: Absolute Monarchy and Limited Monarchy
Absolute monarchy: Ruler has total control over his subjects lives.
Limited monarchy: Ruler’s power is limited by his subjects.

3. Absolute Monarchies Ruler controlled all aspects of life
Makes the laws
Decides the punishment
Creates the taxes
Chooses the religion
Why did nobody question the ruler?
Kings ruled with “divine right” – The king was chosen by God, and nobody questions God’s wishes

4. Limited Monarchies
Ruler was limited by a body of laws or a elected group of citizens
Had to ask for permission before exercising power
First Limited Monarchy was in England
Magna Carta – Law that said King could not fine or imprison Englishmen unless law of the land said so.
Parliament – legislative committee of elected representatives. Approved new laws and taxes created by the King.

5. Henry VIII - England Absolute Monarchy
Made himself head of the national church
Raised taxes
Used his army to make sure everyone paid

6. Louis XIV - France Absolute Monarchy
Used taxes to build a giant palace at Versailles
Made the nobility (rich) live with him in the palace
Made Protestants convert to Catholicism
“I am the state” – King Louis XIV

7. Peter the Great - Russia
Absolute Monarchy
Made his soldiers dress and look like Europeans
Took control of the Church.
Moved the Capital from Moscow to St. Petersburg

8. Catherine the Great - Russia
Absolute Monarchy
Continued with Peter the Great’s policies of “Westernization”
Refused to free the serfs in Russia
However, she did grant a charter of rights to the nobility.

9. Elizabeth I - England Limited Monarchy Shared power with Parliament
Established the power to veto Parliament’s laws
Veto – to turn down

10. James I - England Limited Monarchy
Believed in the “divine right of kings”
Came into conflict with Parliament often, but Parliament always got their way

11. Charles I - England Absolute Monarchy
Collected new taxes without parliament’s consent
Imprisoned those who refused to pay
Got rid of Parliament for 11 years
Civil war started, was put on trial and executed

12. James II - England Limited Monarchy
Converted to Catholicism – nobody liked that in England
Did not respect his subject’s rights
Parliament chased his out of England – “Glorious Revolution”
Invited his daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange to rule

13. William and Mary - England
Limited Monarchy
Created an English “Bill of Rights”
Promised to never create a new tax or raise an army without Parliament’s permission
Parliament would remain more powerful than the king from this point on