1. War in the Pacific
Chapter 25(3)

2. The Battle of Midway (June, 1942)
-Turning point in the Pacific.
-Americans turn back a Japanese invasion force headed for Hawaii.
-America goes on the offensive.
-Beginning of US “Island Hopping”.

3. Guadalcanal (August, 1942)
-Japan’s first defeat on land.

4. Leyte Island (Philippines) (October, 1944)
-Japan introduces new tactic, kamikaze, or suicide plane.
-Battle lasted only 3 days
-Last time Japanese navy will play a major role in the defense of Japan
-424 kamikaze pilots
*destroy 16 ships
*damage 80
-Japan lost
*3 battleships
*4 aircraft carriers
*13 cruisers
*500 planes

5. Iwo Jima
(February, 1945)
“an ugly, smelly glob of cold lava squatting in a surly ocean.”
Author-William Manchester
-Thought to be the most heavily defended spot on earth
-Critical to the U.S. as a base from which heavily loaded bombers might reach Japan.
-20,000 Japanese troops entrenched in tunnels and caves/only 200 survived
-70,000 marines converged on the tiny island/6,000 died

6. Okinawa (April, 1945) -Last land battle before the island of Japan.
-Even fiercer opposition than Iwo Jima
-Japanese: 110,000 died/Americans: 7,600 die

7. July 1945, Los Alamos, NM
The Manhattan Project (building of the atomic bomb)
-American Scientist-J. Robert Oppenheimer.
-600,000 Americans were involved in the project

8. Personal Voice -J. Robert Oppenheimer(Describing the first bomb test in New Mexico.) “A few people laughed, a few people cried, most people were silent.”

9. August 1945, Hiroshima and Nagasaki
-Aug. 6th- Atomic bomb “Little Boy” over Hiroshima
-Aug. 9th- Atomic bomb “Fat Man” over Nagasaki
-200,000 die

10. Tokyo Bay -Japan formally surrenders to General Douglas MacArthur.
-Surrender ceremonies take place aboard the U.S. battleship Missouri.

11. Back in Europe: Feb 1945, in Yalta…
Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin made important decisions about the postwar world.

12. Nuremberg, Germany
-The Nuremberg Trials: Nazi leaders are tried for “crimes against humanity.”
-Established the principle that individuals are responsible for their own actions even in times of war.

13. How did MacArthur reshape Japan’s economy and government?
-free-market practices
-New Constitution
*Woman’s suffrage (vote)
*Free Elections/democratic government
*basic freedoms