1. File Manipulation
Knowledge Understand the concept of file input and output
Skills Able to write an application program involving input output files

2. Introduction A file is a collection of data.
A file is a collection of related data stored in an auxiliary storage device.

3. Input Output File Disk can be used to store data permanently.
Most text editor are used to create data files.
Data in files can be accessed by an application program.
When the data are read into a program, it should be interpreted by the program for analysis and presentation to the user.

4. Input Output File
An opened file is either in a “read state”, “write state” or an “error state”.
I/O file provided the same operation as you experienced before.
Read state in I/O file has same capability as scanf().
Write state in I/O file has same capability as printf().

5. Input Output File
Size of file is determined by the number of character.
<eof> (end-of-file character) is used to mark the end of file.

6. Input Output File Example:
Fail ini adalah fail teks!<newline>Ia terdiri daripada dua baris.<newline><eof>

7. Types of Accessing File
Two ways of accessing file
Sequential
Data in files can be accessed in sequential techniques.
Analogy : playing music from cassette.
Random
Data in files can be accessed in random techniques
Analogy : playing music from compact disk

8. File open and close
Process of file open begins with open a file. In C, fopen()can be used to a open file.
When the file is not in used, it should be close by C. fclose() is a useful function to close a file.

9. fopen() fopen() has two parameter: File name to be open.
Type of operation required for file manipulation. Such as,
"r" File opened for read only
"w" File opened for write only (start at the beginning of file)
"a" File open for write only(start at the end of file)

10. fopen() Example: fopen("input.dat", "r") fopen("atur.c", "w")
fopen("output", "a")

11. fopen() Example: fopen("input.dat", "r") fopen("atur.c", "w")
fopen("output", "a")
Open file named input.dat
for read only

12. fopen() Contoh: fopen("input.dat", "r") fopen("atur.c", "w")
fopen("output", "a")
Open file named bernama atur.c
For write only
(beginning of file)

13. fopen() Contoh: fopen("input.dat", "r") fopen("atur.c", "w")
fopen("output", "a")
Open file named output
Write only (start at the end
file)

14. fopen()
fopen() pointed to the successfully opened file. This pointer are needed when data was accessed or write into a file.
As usual, this pointer must be assigned to a specific variable.

15. fopen() Example: FILE *fd; int data; fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
???
Example:
FILE *fd;
int data;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
fscanf(fd, "%d", &data);
data
???
input.dat

16. fopen() Example : FILE *fd; int data; fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
???
Example :
FILE *fd;
int data;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
fscanf(fd, "%d", &data);
data
??? 33
input.dat

17. fopen() Example : FILE *fd; int data; fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
fscanf(fd, "%d", &data);
data
???
33<eof>
input.dat

18. fopen() Example : FILE *fd; int data; fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
fscanf(fd, "%d", &data);
data 34
33<eof>
input.dat

19. fopen()
We can also used the return value to check whether a file was successfully opened or not.

20. fopen() Example (assume: file was existed): fd FILE *fd; int data;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &data);
data
??? 33
input.dat

21. fopen() Example (assume: file was existed): fd FILE *fd; int data;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &data);
data
???
33<eof>
input.dat

22. fopen() Example (assume: file was existed): fd FILE *fd; int data;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &data);
data
???
33<eof>
input.dat

23. fopen() Example (assume: file was existed): fd FILE *fd; int data;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &data);
data 34
33<eof>
input.dat

24. fopen()
In the case of unsuccessful file opened, it will return null pointer.
Example: If fopen() try to open file for read ("r") but that file is not exist, null pointer will initiated.

25. fopen() Example (assume: file was not exist): fd FILE *fd; int data;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &data);
data
??? _

26. fopen() Example (assume: file was not exist): fd FILE *fd; int data;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &data);
data
??? _

27. fopen() Example (assume: file was not exist): fd FILE *fd; int data;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &data);
data
??? _

28. fopen() Example (assume: file was not exist): fd FILE *fd; int data;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &data);
data
???
Fail tidak boleh dibuka

29. fopen() Example (assume: file was not exist): fd FILE *fd; int data;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &data);
data
???
exit() was called to end the
Program
Remember to put
#include <stdlib.h>
At the beginning of program
Fail tidak boleh dibuka

30. fclose() File that was already opened should be close.
fclose() is needed to close the opened file.
Only one parameter need for fclose(). It was a pointer used to the opened file.

31. fopen() Example (assume: file was existed): FILE *fd; fd int data;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &data);
fclose(fd);
data 34
33<eof>
input.dat

32. fopen() Example (assume: file was existed): FILE *fd; fd int data;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &data);
fclose(fd);
data 34
33<eof>
input.dat

33. fprintf() fprintf() can be used to send a data into files.
fprint() is base on printf() function. But, remember to put one parameter (it is file pointer).

34. fprintf() Example: FILE *fd; kuasa ??? fd ??? int i, kuasa;
fd = fopen("kuasa2", "w");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
for (i=1; i < 5; i++) {
kuasa = i * i;
fprintf(fd, "%d ^ 2: %d\n", i, kuasa);
fclose(fd); i
??? 33
fail
kuasa2

35. fprintf() Example : FILE *fd; kuasa ??? fd int i, kuasa;
fd = fopen("kuasa2", "w");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
for (i=1; i < 5; i++) {
kuasa = i * i;
fprintf(fd, "%d ^ 2: %d\n", i, kuasa);
fclose(fd); i
???
<eof>
fail
kuasa2

36. fprintf() Example : FILE *fd; kuasa ??? fd int i, kuasa;
fd = fopen("kuasa2", "w");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
for (i=1; i < 5; i++) {
kuasa = i * i;
fprintf(fd, "%d ^ 2: %d\n", i, kuasa);
fclose(fd); i
???
<eof>
fail
kuasa2

37. fprintf() Example : FILE *fd; kuasa ??? fd int i, kuasa;
fd = fopen("kuasa2", "w");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
for (i=1; i < 5; i++) {
kuasa = i * i;
fprintf(fd, "%d ^ 2: %d\n", i, kuasa);
fclose(fd); i
???
<eof>
fail
kuasa2

38. fprintf() Example : FILE *fd; kuasa ??? fd int i, kuasa;
fd = fopen("kuasa2", "w");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
for (i=1; i < 5; i++) {
kuasa = i * i;
fprintf(fd, "%d ^ 2: %d\n", i, kuasa);
fclose(fd); i
???
<eof>
fail
kuasa2

39. fprintf() Example : FILE *fd; kuasa ??? fd int i, kuasa;
fd = fopen("kuasa2", "w");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
for (i=1; i < 5; i++) {
kuasa = i * i;
fprintf(fd, "%d ^ 2: %d\n", i, kuasa);
fclose(fd); i 1
<eof>
fail
kuasa2

40. fprintf() Example : FILE *fd; kuasa ??? fd int i, kuasa;
fd = fopen("kuasa2", "w");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
for (i=1; i < 5; i++) {
kuasa = i * i;
fprintf(fd, "%d ^ 2: %d\n", i, kuasa);
fclose(fd); i 1
<eof>
fail
kuasa2

41. fprintf() Example : FILE *fd; kuasa 1 fd int i, kuasa;
fd = fopen("kuasa2", "w");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
for (i=1; i < 5; i++) {
kuasa = i * i;
fprintf(fd, "%d ^ 2: %d\n", i, kuasa);
fclose(fd); i 1
<eof>
fail
kuasa2

42. fprintf() Example : FILE *fd; kuasa 1 fd int i, kuasa;
fd = fopen("kuasa2", "w");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
for (i=1; i < 5; i++) {
kuasa = i * i;
fprintf(fd, "%d ^ 2: %d\n", i, kuasa);
fclose(fd); i 1
1 ^ 2: 1<eof>
fail
kuasa2

43. fprintf() Example : FILE *fd; kuasa 1 fd int i, kuasa;
fd = fopen("kuasa2", "w");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
for (i=1; i < 5; i++) {
kuasa = i * i;
fprintf(fd, "%d ^ 2: %d\n", i, kuasa);
fclose(fd); i 2
1 ^ 2: 1<eof>
fail
kuasa2

44. fprintf() Example : FILE *fd; kuasa 1 fd int i, kuasa;
fd = fopen("kuasa2", "w");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
for (i=1; i < 5; i++) {
kuasa = i * i;
fprintf(fd, "%d ^ 2: %d\n", i, kuasa);
fclose(fd); i 2
1 ^ 2: 1<eof>
fail
kuasa2

45. fprintf() Example : FILE *fd; kuasa 4 fd int i, kuasa;
fd = fopen("kuasa2", "w");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
for (i=1; i < 5; i++) {
kuasa = i * i;
fprintf(fd, "%d ^ 2: %d\n", i, kuasa);
fclose(fd); i 2
1 ^ 2: 1<eof>
fail
kuasa2

46. fprintf() Example : FILE *fd; kuasa 4 fd int i, kuasa;
fd = fopen("kuasa2", "w");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
for (i=1; i < 5; i++) {
kuasa = i * i;
fprintf(fd, "%d ^ 2: %d\n", i, kuasa);
fclose(fd); i 2
Until …
1 ^ 2: 1
2 ^ 2: 4<eof>
fail
kuasa2

47. fprintf() Example : FILE *fd; kuasa 16 fd int i, kuasa;
fd = fopen("kuasa2", "w");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
for (i=1; i < 5; i++) {
kuasa = i * i;
fprintf(fd, "%d ^ 2: %d\n", i, kuasa);
fclose(fd); i 4
1 ^ 2: 1
2 ^ 2: 4
3 ^ 2: 9
4 ^ 2: 16<eof>
fail
kuasa2

48. fprintf() Example : FILE *fd; kuasa 16 fd int i, kuasa;
fd = fopen("kuasa2", "w");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
for (i=1; i < 5; i++) {
kuasa = i * i;
fprintf(fd, "%d ^ 2: %d\n", i, kuasa);
fclose(fd); i 5
1 ^ 2: 1
2 ^ 2: 4
3 ^ 2: 9
4 ^ 2: 16<eof>
fail
kuasa2

49. fprintf() Example : FILE *fd; kuasa 16 fd int i, kuasa;
fd = fopen("kuasa2", "w");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
for (i=1; i < 5; i++) {
kuasa = i * i;
fprintf(fd, "%d ^ 2: %d\n", i, kuasa);
fclose(fd); i 5
1 ^ 2: 1
2 ^ 2: 4
3 ^ 2: 9
4 ^ 2: 16<eof>
fail
kuasa2

50. fprintf() Example : FILE *fd; kuasa 16 fd int i, kuasa;
fd = fopen("kuasa2", "w");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
for (i=1; i < 5; i++) {
kuasa = i * i;
fprintf(fd, "%d ^ 2: %d\n", i, kuasa);
fclose(fd); i 5
1 ^ 2: 1
2 ^ 2: 4
3 ^ 2: 9
4 ^ 2: 16<eof>
fail
kuasa2

51. fscanf() fscanf() can be used to accessing data from a files.
fscanf() is based on scanf() function. But, remember to put one parameter (it is file pointer).

52. fscanf() bil ??? gred ??? Example : FILE *fd; matrik ??? i ??? fd ???
int bil, matrik, i;
char gred;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &bil);
for (i=0; i < bil; i++) {
fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &matrik, &gred);
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", matrik, gred);
fclose(fd);
matrik
??? i
??? fd
??? 33
fail
input.dat

53. fscanf() bil ??? gred ??? Example : FILE *fd; matrik ??? i ??? fd fail
int bil, matrik, i;
char gred;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &bil);
for (i=0; i < bil; i++) {
fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &matrik, &gred);
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", matrik, gred);
fclose(fd);
matrik
??? i
??? fd 4
1111 C
1120 B
1123 B
1124 A<eof>
fail
input.dat

54. fscanf() bil ??? gred ??? Example : FILE *fd; matrik ??? i ??? fd fail
int bil, matrik, i;
char gred;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &bil);
for (i=0; i < bil; i++) {
fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &matrik, &gred);
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", matrik, gred);
fclose(fd);
matrik
??? i
??? fd 4
1111 C
1120 B
1123 B
1124 A<eof>
fail
input.dat

55. fscanf() bil ??? gred ??? Example : FILE *fd; matrik ??? i ??? fd fail
int bil, matrik, i;
char gred;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &bil);
for (i=0; i < bil; i++) {
fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &matrik, &gred);
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", matrik, gred);
fclose(fd);
matrik
??? i
??? fd 4
1111 C
1120 B
1123 B
1124 A<eof>
fail
input.dat

56. fscanf() bil 4 gred ??? Example : FILE *fd; matrik ??? i ??? fd fail
int bil, matrik, i;
char gred;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &bil);
for (i=0; i < bil; i++) {
fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &matrik, &gred);
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", matrik, gred);
fclose(fd);
matrik
??? i
??? fd 4
1111 C
1120 B
1123 B
1124 A<eof>
fail
input.dat

57. fscanf() bil 4 gred ??? Example : FILE *fd; matrik ??? i ??? fd fail
int bil, matrik, i;
char gred;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &bil);
for (i=0; i < bil; i++) {
fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &matrik, &gred);
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", matrik, gred);
fclose(fd);
matrik
??? i
??? fd 4
1111 C
1120 B
1123 B
1124 A<eof>
fail
input.dat

58. fscanf() bil 4 gred ??? Example : FILE *fd; matrik ??? i fd fail
int bil, matrik, i;
char gred;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &bil);
for (i=0; i < bil; i++) {
fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &matrik, &gred);
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", matrik, gred);
fclose(fd);
matrik
??? i fd 4
1111 C
1120 B
1123 B
1124 A<eof>
fail
input.dat

59. fscanf() bil 4 gred ??? Example : FILE *fd; matrik ??? i fd fail
int bil, matrik, i;
char gred;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &bil);
for (i=0; i < bil; i++) {
fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &matrik, &gred);
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", matrik, gred);
fclose(fd);
matrik
??? i fd 4
1111 C
1120 B
1123 B
1124 A<eof>
fail
input.dat

60. fscanf() bil 4 gred 'C' Example : FILE *fd; matrik 1111 i fd fail
int bil, matrik, i;
char gred;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &bil);
for (i=0; i < bil; i++) {
fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &matrik, &gred);
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", matrik, gred);
fclose(fd);
matrik
1111 i fd 4
1111 C
1120 B
1123 B
1124 A<eof>
fail
input.dat

61. fscanf() bil 4 gred 'C' Example : FILE *fd; matrik 1111 i 1
int bil, matrik, i;
char gred;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &bil);
for (i=0; i < bil; i++) {
fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &matrik, &gred);
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", matrik, gred);
fclose(fd);
matrik
1111 i 1
Matrik: Gred: C _ fd 4
1111 C
1120 B
1123 B
1124 A<eof>
fail
input.dat

62. fscanf() bil 4 gred 'C' Example : FILE *fd; matrik 1111 i 1
int bil, matrik, i;
char gred;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &bil);
for (i=0; i < bil; i++) {
fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &matrik, &gred);
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", matrik, gred);
fclose(fd);
matrik
1111 i 1
Matrik: Gred: C _ fd 4
1111 C
1120 B
1123 B
1124 A<eof>
fail
input.dat

63. fscanf() bil 4 gred 'C' Example : FILE *fd; matrik 1111 i 1
int bil, matrik, i;
char gred;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &bil);
for (i=0; i < bil; i++) {
fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &matrik, &gred);
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", matrik, gred);
fclose(fd);
matrik
1111 i 1
Matrik: Gred: C _ fd 4
1111 C
1120 B
1123 B
1124 A<eof>
fail
input.dat

64. fscanf() bil 4 gred 'B' Example : FILE *fd; matrik 1120 i 1
int bil, matrik, i;
char gred;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &bil);
for (i=0; i < bil; i++) {
fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &matrik, &gred);
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", matrik, gred);
fclose(fd);
matrik
1120 i 1
Matrik: Gred: C _ fd 4
1111 C
1120 B
1123 B
1124 A<eof>
fail
input.dat

65. fscanf() bil 4 gred 'B' Example : FILE *fd; matrik 1120 i 1
int bil, matrik, i;
char gred;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &bil);
for (i=0; i < bil; i++) {
fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &matrik, &gred);
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", matrik, gred);
fclose(fd);
matrik
1120 i 1
Matrik: Gred: C
Matrik: Gred: B _ fd
Until ... 4
1111 C
1120 B
1123 B
1124 A<eof>
fail
input.dat

66. fscanf() bil 4 gred 'A' Example : FILE *fd; matrik 1124 i 3
int bil, matrik, i;
char gred;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &bil);
for (i=0; i < bil; i++) {
fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &matrik, &gred);
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", matrik, gred);
fclose(fd);
matrik
1124 i 3
Matrik: Gred: C
Matrik: Gred: B
Matrik: Gred: B
Matrik: Gred: A _ fd 4
1111 C
1120 B
1123 B
1124 A<eof>
fail
input.dat

67. fscanf() bil 4 gred 'A' Example : FILE *fd; matrik 1124 i 4
int bil, matrik, i;
char gred;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &bil);
for (i=0; i < bil; i++) {
fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &matrik, &gred);
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", matrik, gred);
fclose(fd);
matrik
1124 i 4
Matrik: Gred: C
Matrik: Gred: B
Matrik: Gred: B
Matrik: Gred: A _ fd 4
1111 C
1120 B
1123 B
1124 A<eof>
fail
input.dat

68. fscanf() bil 4 gred 'A' Example : FILE *fd; matrik 1124 i 4
int bil, matrik, i;
char gred;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &bil);
for (i=0; i < bil; i++) {
fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &matrik, &gred);
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", matrik, gred);
fclose(fd);
matrik
1124 i 4
Matrik: Gred: C
Matrik: Gred: B
Matrik: Gred: B
Matrik: Gred: A _ fd 4
1111 C
1120 B
1123 B
1124 A<eof>
fail
input.dat

69. fscanf() bil 4 gred 'A' Example : FILE *fd; matrik 1124 i 4
int bil, matrik, i;
char gred;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
fscanf(fd, "%d", &bil);
for (i=0; i < bil; i++) {
fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &matrik, &gred);
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", matrik, gred);
fclose(fd);
matrik
1124 i 4
Matrik: Gred: C
Matrik: Gred: B
Matrik: Gred: B
Matrik: Gred: A _ fd 4
1111 C
1120 B
1123 B
1124 A<eof>
fail
input.dat

70. Read data from file using fscanf()
fscanf() returns EOF value when it comes to the end of file.
This value can also be used to verify the end of file.

71. fscanf() Example: m ??? FILE *fd; int m; char g; 33
fscanf()
Example:
FILE *fd;
int m;
char g;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
while (fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &m,&g)!= EOF)
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", m, g);
fclose(fd); g
???
fail
input.dat fd
???

72. fscanf() Example : m ??? FILE *fd; int m; char g;
1120 B
1123 B
1124 A<eof> m
???
fscanf()
Example :
FILE *fd;
int m;
char g;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
while (fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &m,&g)!= EOF)
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", m, g);
fclose(fd); g
???
fail
input.dat fd

73. fscanf() Example : m ??? FILE *fd; int m; char g;
1120 B
1123 B
1124 A<eof> m
???
fscanf()
Example :
FILE *fd;
int m;
char g;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
while (fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &m,&g)!= EOF)
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", m, g);
fclose(fd); g
???
fail
input.dat fd

74. fscanf() Example : m ??? FILE *fd; int m; char g;
1120 B
1123 B
1124 A<eof> m
???
fscanf()
Example :
FILE *fd;
int m;
char g;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
while (fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &m,&g)!= EOF)
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", m, g);
fclose(fd); g
???
fail
input.dat fd

75. fscanf() Example : m ??? FILE *fd; int m; char g;
1120 B
1123 B
1124 A<eof> m
???
fscanf()
Example :
FILE *fd;
int m;
char g;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
while (fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &m,&g)!= EOF)
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", m, g);
fclose(fd); g
???
fail
input.dat fd

76. fscanf() Example : m 1111 FILE *fd; int m; char g;
1120 B
1123 B
1124 A<eof> m
1111
fscanf()
Example :
FILE *fd;
int m;
char g;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
while (fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &m,&g)!= EOF)
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", m, g);
fclose(fd); g
'C'
fail
input.dat fd

77. fscanf() Example : m 1111 FILE *fd; int m; char g;
1120 B
1123 B
1124 A<eof> m
1111
fscanf()
Example :
FILE *fd;
int m;
char g;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
while (fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &m,&g)!= EOF)
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", m, g);
fclose(fd); g
'C'
Matrik: Gred: C _
fail
input.dat fd

78. fscanf() Example : m 1120 FILE *fd; int m; char g;
1120 B
1123 B
1124 A<eof> m
1120
fscanf()
Example :
FILE *fd;
int m;
char g;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
while (fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &m,&g)!= EOF)
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", m, g);
fclose(fd); g
'B'
Matrik: Gred: C _
fail
input.dat fd

79. fscanf() Example : m 1120 FILE *fd; int m; char g;
1120 B
1123 B
1124 A<eof> m
1120
fscanf()
Example :
FILE *fd;
int m;
char g;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
while (fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &m,&g)!= EOF)
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", m, g);
fclose(fd); g
'B'
Matrik: Gred: C
Matrik: Gred: B _
fail
input.dat fd
Until ...

80. fscanf() Example : m 1124 FILE *fd; int m; char g;
1120 B
1123 B
1124 A<eof> m
1124
fscanf()
Example :
FILE *fd;
int m;
char g;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
while (fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &m,&g)!= EOF)
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", m, g);
fclose(fd); g
'A'
Matrik: Gred: C
Matrik: Gred: B
Matrik: Gred: B
Matrik: Gred: A _
fail
input.dat fd

81. fscanf() Example : m 1124 FILE *fd; int m; char g;
1120 B
1123 B
1124 A<eof> m
1124
fscanf()
Example :
FILE *fd;
int m;
char g;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
while (fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &m,&g)!= EOF)
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", m, g);
fclose(fd); g
'A'
Matrik: Gred: C
Matrik: Gred: B
Matrik: Gred: B
Matrik: Gred: A _
fail
input.dat fd
EOF

82. fscanf() Example : m 1124 FILE *fd; int m; char g;
1120 B
1123 B
1124 A<eof> m
1124
fscanf()
Example :
FILE *fd;
int m;
char g;
fd = fopen("input.dat", "r");
if (fd == NULL) {
printf("Fail tidak boleh dibuka");
exit(1); }
while (fscanf(fd, "%d %c", &m,&g)!= EOF)
printf("Matrik: %d\tGred: %c\n", m, g);
fclose(fd); g
'A'
Matrik: Gred: C
Matrik: Gred: B
Matrik: Gred: B
Matrik: Gred: A _
fail
input.dat fd

83. Another useful function for Input Output file
Read/write function for Single character
- getc()
- putc()
Read/write function for string
fgets()
fputs()

84. getc()
getc() can be use to read one character from a file. It returns EOF value when it comes to the end of file
Example:
FILE *fd;
char aks;
...
aks = getc(fd);

85. Example: aks ??? FILE *fd; char aks; fd ???
fd = fopen("teks.dat", "r");
if (fd != NULL) {
aks = getc(fd);
while (aks != EOF) {
printf("%c", aks); }
fclose(fd); fd
???
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
fail
teks.dat

86. Example : aks ??? FILE *fd; char aks; fd fd = fopen("teks.dat", "r");
if (fd != NULL) {
aks = getc(fd);
while (aks != EOF) {
printf("%c", aks); }
fclose(fd); fd
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
fail
teks.dat

87. Example : aks ??? FILE *fd; char aks; fd fd = fopen("teks.dat", "r");
if (fd != NULL) {
aks = getc(fd);
while (aks != EOF) {
printf("%c", aks); }
fclose(fd); fd
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
fail
teks.dat

88. Example : aks ??? FILE *fd; char aks; fd fd = fopen("teks.dat", "r");
if (fd != NULL) {
aks = getc(fd);
while (aks != EOF) {
printf("%c", aks); }
fclose(fd); fd
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
fail
teks.dat

89. Example : aks 'F' FILE *fd; char aks; fd fd = fopen("teks.dat", "r");
if (fd != NULL) {
aks = getc(fd);
while (aks != EOF) {
printf("%c", aks); }
fclose(fd); fd
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
fail
teks.dat

90. Example : aks 'F' FILE *fd; char aks; fd fd = fopen("teks.dat", "r");
if (fd != NULL) {
aks = getc(fd);
while (aks != EOF) {
printf("%c", aks); }
fclose(fd); fd
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
fail
teks.dat

91. Example : aks 'F' FILE *fd; char aks; fd fd = fopen("teks.dat", "r");
if (fd != NULL) {
aks = getc(fd);
while (aks != EOF) {
printf("%c", aks); }
fclose(fd); fd
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
fail
teks.dat

92. Contoh: F_ aks 'F' FILE *fd; char aks; fd = fopen("teks.dat", "r");
if (fd != NULL) {
aks = getc(fd);
while (aks != EOF) {
printf("%c", aks); }
fclose(fd); fd
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
fail
teks.dat

93. Contoh: F_ aks 'T' FILE *fd; char aks; fd = fopen("teks.dat", "r");
if (fd != NULL) {
aks = getc(fd);
while (aks != EOF) {
printf("%c", aks); }
fclose(fd); fd
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
fail
teks.dat

94. Contoh: F_ aks 'T' FILE *fd; char aks; fd = fopen("teks.dat", "r");
if (fd != NULL) {
aks = getc(fd);
while (aks != EOF) {
printf("%c", aks); }
fclose(fd); fd
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
fail
teks.dat

95. Contoh: FT_ aks 'T' FILE *fd; char aks; fd = fopen("teks.dat", "r");
if (fd != NULL) {
aks = getc(fd);
while (aks != EOF) {
printf("%c", aks); }
fclose(fd); fd
Until ...
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
fail
teks.dat

96. Contoh: FTSM 43600 UKM Bangi_ aks 'i' FILE *fd; char aks;
fd = fopen("teks.dat", "r");
if (fd != NULL) {
aks = getc(fd);
while (aks != EOF) {
printf("%c", aks); }
fclose(fd); fd
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
fail
teks.dat

97. Contoh: FTSM 43600 UKM Bangi_ aks <eof> FILE *fd; char aks;
fd = fopen("teks.dat", "r");
if (fd != NULL) {
aks = getc(fd);
while (aks != EOF) {
printf("%c", aks); }
fclose(fd); fd
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
fail
teks.dat

98. Contoh: FTSM 43600 UKM Bangi_ aks <eof> FILE *fd; char aks;
fd = fopen("teks.dat", "r");
if (fd != NULL) {
aks = getc(fd);
while (aks != EOF) {
printf("%c", aks); }
fclose(fd); fd
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
fail
teks.dat

99. Contoh: FTSM 43600 UKM Bangi_ aks <eof> FILE *fd; char aks;
fd = fopen("teks.dat", "r");
if (fd != NULL) {
aks = getc(fd);
while (aks != EOF) {
printf("%c", aks); }
fclose(fd); fd
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
fail
teks.dat

100. Contoh: FTSM 43600 UKM Bangi_ aks <eof> FILE *fd; char aks;
fd = fopen("teks.dat", "r");
if (fd != NULL) {
aks = getc(fd);
while (aks != EOF) {
printf("%c", aks); }
fclose(fd); fd
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
fail
teks.dat

101. putc() putc() can be used to print one character into a file.
Example :
FILE *fd;
...
putc('X', fd);

102. Example : aks ??? fin ??? fout ??? fail in.dat FILE *fin, *fout;
char aks;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
aks = getc(fin);
while (aks != EOF) {
putc(aks, fout); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
fout
???
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
fail
in.dat

103. Example : aks ??? fin fout ??? fail in.dat FILE *fin, *fout; char aks;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
aks = getc(fin);
while (aks != EOF) {
putc(aks, fout); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
fout
???
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
fail
in.dat

104. Example : aks ??? fin fout fail out.dat fail in.dat FILE *fin, *fout;
char aks;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
aks = getc(fin);
while (aks != EOF) {
putc(aks, fout); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
fout
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

105. Example : aks ??? fin fout fail out.dat fail in.dat FILE *fin, *fout;
char aks;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
aks = getc(fin);
while (aks != EOF) {
putc(aks, fout); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
fout
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

106. Example : aks ??? fin fout fail out.dat fail in.dat FILE *fin, *fout;
char aks;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
aks = getc(fin);
while (aks != EOF) {
putc(aks, fout); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
fout
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

107. Example : aks 'F' fin fout fail out.dat fail in.dat FILE *fin, *fout;
char aks;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
aks = getc(fin);
while (aks != EOF) {
putc(aks, fout); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
fout
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

108. Example : aks 'F' fin fout fail out.dat fail in.dat FILE *fin, *fout;
char aks;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
aks = getc(fin);
while (aks != EOF) {
putc(aks, fout); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
fout
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

109. Example : aks 'F' fin fout fail out.dat fail in.dat FILE *fin, *fout;
char aks;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
aks = getc(fin);
while (aks != EOF) {
putc(aks, fout); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
fout
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

110. Example : aks 'F' fin fout fail out.dat fail in.dat FILE *fin, *fout;
char aks;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
aks = getc(fin);
while (aks != EOF) {
putc(aks, fout); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
fout
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
F<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

111. Example : aks 'T' fin fout fail out.dat fail in.dat FILE *fin, *fout;
char aks;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
aks = getc(fin);
while (aks != EOF) {
putc(aks, fout); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
fout
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
F<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

112. Example : aks 'T' fin fout fail out.dat fail in.dat FILE *fin, *fout;
char aks;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
aks = getc(fin);
while (aks != EOF) {
putc(aks, fout); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
fout
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
F<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

113. Example : aks 'T' fin fout Until … fail out.dat fail in.dat
FILE *fin, *fout;
char aks;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
aks = getc(fin);
while (aks != EOF) {
putc(aks, fout); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
fout
Until …
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
FT<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

114. Example : aks 'i' fin fout fail out.dat fail in.dat FILE *fin, *fout;
char aks;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
aks = getc(fin);
while (aks != EOF) {
putc(aks, fout); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
fout
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

115. Example : aks <eof> fin fout fail out.dat fail in.dat
FILE *fin, *fout;
char aks;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
aks = getc(fin);
while (aks != EOF) {
putc(aks, fout); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
fout
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

116. Example : aks <eof> fin fout fail out.dat fail in.dat
FILE *fin, *fout;
char aks;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
aks = getc(fin);
while (aks != EOF) {
putc(aks, fout); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
fout
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

117. Example : aks <eof> fin fout fail out.dat fail in.dat
FILE *fin, *fout;
char aks;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
aks = getc(fin);
while (aks != EOF) {
putc(aks, fout); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
fout
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

118. Example : aks <eof> fin fout fail out.dat fail in.dat
FILE *fin, *fout;
char aks;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
aks = getc(fin);
while (aks != EOF) {
putc(aks, fout); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
fout
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

119. fgets() fgets() is used to read one string from a file.
Three parameter involved:
- An array (use to allocate string)
- Maximum number of character.
- Pointer to a specific file.

120. fgets() Example: Read from a file pointed char str[20]; by fd
FILE *fd;
...
fgets(str, 20, fd);
Read from a file pointed
by fd
An array for character
Maximum 19 characters

121. fgets()
fgets() will return NULL if error was occurred or when it comes to the end of file.

122. nama ? Example: gred ??? matrik ??? fin ??? fail in.dat FILE *fin;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
if (fin != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred);
printf("%c (%d) ", gred, matrik);
printf("%s\n", nama); }
fclose(fin);
gred
???
matrik
???
fin
???
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
fail
in.dat

123. nama ? Example : gred ??? matrik ??? fin fail in.dat FILE *fin;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
if (fin != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred);
printf("%c (%d) ", gred, matrik);
printf("%s\n", nama); }
fclose(fin);
gred
???
matrik
???
fin
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
fail
in.dat

124. nama ? Example : gred ??? matrik ??? fin fail in.dat FILE *fin;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
if (fin != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred);
printf("%c (%d) ", gred, matrik);
printf("%s\n", nama); }
fclose(fin);
gred
???
matrik
???
fin
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
fail
in.dat

125. nama ? Example : gred ??? matrik ??? fin fail in.dat FILE *fin;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
if (fin != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred);
printf("%c (%d) ", gred, matrik);
printf("%s\n", nama); }
fclose(fin);
gred
???
matrik
???
fin
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
fail
in.dat

126. nama ? Example : gred ??? matrik ??? fin fail in.dat FILE *fin;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
if (fin != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred);
printf("%c (%d) ", gred, matrik);
printf("%s\n", nama); }
fclose(fin);
gred
???
matrik
???
fin
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
fail
in.dat

127. nama 'A' 'h' 'm' 'a' 'd' '\0' ? Example : gred ??? matrik ??? fin fail
FILE *fin;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
if (fin != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred);
printf("%c (%d) ", gred, matrik);
printf("%s\n", nama); }
fclose(fin);
gred
???
matrik
???
fin
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
fail
in.dat

128. nama 'A' 'h' 'm' 'a' 'd' '\0' ? Example : gred 'B' matrik 1223 fin
FILE *fin;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
if (fin != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred);
printf("%c (%d) ", gred, matrik);
printf("%s\n", nama); }
fclose(fin);
gred
'B'
matrik
1223
fin
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
fail
in.dat

129. nama 'A' 'h' 'm' 'a' 'd' '\0' ? Example : gred 'B' matrik 1223 fin
FILE *fin;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
if (fin != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred);
printf("%c (%d) ", gred, matrik);
printf("%s\n", nama); }
fclose(fin);
gred
'B'
matrik
1223
fin
B (1223) Ahmad _
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
fail
in.dat

130. nama 'S' 'a' 'l' 'i' 'm' '\0' ? Example : gred 'B' matrik 1223 fin
FILE *fin;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
if (fin != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred);
printf("%c (%d) ", gred, matrik);
printf("%s\n", nama); }
fclose(fin);
gred
'B'
matrik
1223
fin
B (1223) Ahmad _
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
fail
in.dat

131. nama 'A' 'h' 'm' 'a' 'd' '\0' ? Example : gred 'A' matrik 3312 fin
FILE *fin;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
if (fin != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred);
printf("%c (%d) ", gred, matrik);
printf("%s\n", nama); }
fclose(fin);
gred
'A'
matrik
3312
fin
B (1223) Ahmad _
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
fail
in.dat

132. nama 'A' 'h' 'm' 'a' 'd' '\0' ? Example : gred 'A' matrik 3312 fin
FILE *fin;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
if (fin != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred);
printf("%c (%d) ", gred, matrik);
printf("%s\n", nama); }
fclose(fin);
gred
'A'
matrik
3312
fin
B (1223) Ahmad
A (3312) Salim _
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
fail
in.dat

133. nama 'A' 'm' 'i' 'n' 'a' 'h' '\0' ? Example : gred 'A' matrik 3312 fin
FILE *fin;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
if (fin != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred);
printf("%c (%d) ", gred, matrik);
printf("%s\n", nama); }
fclose(fin);
gred
'A'
matrik
3312
fin
B (1223) Ahmad
A (3312) Salim _
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
fail
in.dat

134. nama 'A' 'm' 'i' 'n' 'a' 'h' '\0' ? Example : gred 'A' matrik 4021 fin
FILE *fin;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
if (fin != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred);
printf("%c (%d) ", gred, matrik);
printf("%s\n", nama); }
fclose(fin);
gred
'A'
matrik
4021
fin
B (1223) Ahmad
A (3312) Salim _
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
fail
in.dat

135. nama 'A' 'm' 'i' 'n' 'a' 'h' '\0' ? Example : gred 'A' matrik 4021 fin
FILE *fin;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
if (fin != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred);
printf("%c (%d) ", gred, matrik);
printf("%s\n", nama); }
fclose(fin);
gred
'A'
matrik
4021
fin
B (1223) Ahmad
A (3312) Salim
A (4021) Aminah _
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
fail
in.dat

136. nama 'A' 'm' 'i' 'n' 'a' 'h' '\0' ? Example : gred 'A' matrik 4021 fin
FILE *fin;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
if (fin != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred);
printf("%c (%d) ", gred, matrik);
printf("%s\n", nama); }
fclose(fin);
gred
'A'
matrik
4021
fin
NULL
B (1223) Ahmad
A (3312) Salim
A (4021) Aminah _
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
fail
in.dat

137. nama 'A' 'm' 'i' 'n' 'a' 'h' '\0' ? Example : gred 'A' matrik 4021 fin
FILE *fin;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
if (fin != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred);
printf("%c (%d) ", gred, matrik);
printf("%s\n", nama); }
fclose(fin);
gred
'A'
matrik
4021
fin
B (1223) Ahmad
A (3312) Salim
A (4021) Aminah _
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
fail
in.dat

138. nama 'A' 'm' 'i' 'n' 'a' 'h' '\0' ? Example : gred 'A' matrik 4021 fin
FILE *fin;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
if (fin != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred);
printf("%c (%d) ", gred, matrik);
printf("%s\n", nama); }
fclose(fin);
gred
'A'
matrik
4021
fin
B (1223) Ahmad
A (3312) Salim
A (4021) Aminah _
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
fail
in.dat

139. fputs() fputs() is used to print a string into a file. Example :
FILE *fd;
char str[] = "Universiti Kebangsaan";
...
fputs(str, fd);

140. nama ? Example: gred ??? matrik ??? fin ??? fout ??? fail in.dat
FILE *fin, *fout;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("output", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fputs(nama, fout);
fputc('\n', fout);
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
gred
???
matrik
???
fin
???
fout
???
FTSM
43600 UKM Bangi<eof>
fail
in.dat

141. nama ? gred ??? matrik ??? fin fout ??? fail in.dat Example :
FILE *fin, *fout;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fputs(nama, fout);
fputc('\n', fout);
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
gred
???
matrik
???
fin
fout
???
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
fail
in.dat

142. nama ? gred ??? matrik ??? fin fout fail out.dat fail in.dat Example :
FILE *fin, *fout;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fputs(nama, fout);
fputc('\n', fout);
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
gred
???
matrik
???
fin
fout
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

143. nama ? gred ??? matrik ??? fin fout fail out.dat fail in.dat Example :
FILE *fin, *fout;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fputs(nama, fout);
fputc('\n', fout);
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
gred
???
matrik
???
fin
fout
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

144. nama ? gred ??? matrik ??? fin fout fail out.dat fail in.dat Example :
FILE *fin, *fout;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fputs(nama, fout);
fputc('\n', fout);
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
gred
???
matrik
???
fin
fout
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

145. nama ? gred ??? matrik ??? fin fout fail out.dat fail in.dat Example :
FILE *fin, *fout;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fputs(nama, fout);
fputc('\n', fout);
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
gred
???
matrik
???
fin
fout
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

146. nama 'A' 'h' 'm' 'a' 'd' '\0' ? gred ??? matrik ??? fin fout fail
Example :
FILE *fin, *fout;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fputs(nama, fout);
fputc('\n', fout);
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
gred
???
matrik
???
fin
fout
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

147. nama 'A' 'h' 'm' 'a' 'd' '\0' ? gred ??? matrik ??? fin fout fail
Example :
FILE *fin, *fout;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fputs(nama, fout);
fputc('\n', fout);
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
gred
???
matrik
???
fin
fout
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
Ahmad<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

148. nama 'A' 'h' 'm' 'a' 'd' '\0' ? gred ??? matrik ??? fin fout fail
Example :
FILE *fin, *fout;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fputs(nama, fout);
fputc('\n', fout);
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
gred
???
matrik
???
fin
fout
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
Ahmad
<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

149. nama 'A' 'h' 'm' 'a' 'd' '\0' ? gred 'B' matrik 1223 fin fout fail
Example :
FILE *fin, *fout;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fputs(nama, fout);
fputc('\n', fout);
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
gred
'B'
matrik
1223
fin
fout
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
Ahmad
<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

150. nama 'S' 'a' 'l' 'i' 'm' '\0' ? gred 'B' matrik 1223 fin fout fail
Example :
FILE *fin, *fout;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fputs(nama, fout);
fputc('\n', fout);
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
gred
'B'
matrik
1223
fin
fout
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
Ahmad
<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

151. nama 'S' 'a' 'l' 'i' 'm' '\0' ? gred 'B' matrik 1223 fin fout fail
Example :
FILE *fin, *fout;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fputs(nama, fout);
fputc('\n', fout);
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
gred
'B'
matrik
1223
fin
fout
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
Ahmad
Salim
<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

152. nama 'S' 'a' 'l' 'i' 'm' '\0' ? gred 'A' matrik 3312 fin fout fail
Example :
FILE *fin, *fout;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fputs(nama, fout);
fputc('\n', fout);
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
gred
'A'
matrik
3312
fin
fout
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
Ahmad
Salim
<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

153. nama 'A' 'm' 'i' 'n' 'a' 'h' '\0' ? gred 'A' matrik 3312 fin fout fail
Example :
FILE *fin, *fout;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fputs(nama, fout);
fputc('\n', fout);
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
gred
'A'
matrik
3312
fin
fout
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
Ahmad
Salim
<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

154. nama 'A' 'm' 'i' 'n' 'a' 'h' '\0' ? gred 'A' matrik 3312 fin fout fail
Example :
FILE *fin, *fout;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fputs(nama, fout);
fputc('\n', fout);
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
gred
'A'
matrik
3312
fin
fout
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
Ahmad
Salim
Aminah
<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

155. nama 'A' 'm' 'i' 'n' 'a' 'h' '\0' ? gred 'A' matrik 4021 fin fout fail
Example :
FILE *fin, *fout;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fputs(nama, fout);
fputc('\n', fout);
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
gred
'A'
matrik
4021
fin
fout
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
Ahmad
Salim
Aminah
<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

156. nama 'A' 'm' 'i' 'n' 'a' 'h' '\0' ? gred 'A' matrik 4021 fin fout NULL
Example :
FILE *fin, *fout;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fputs(nama, fout);
fputc('\n', fout);
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
gred
'A'
matrik
4021
fin
fout
NULL
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
Ahmad
Salim
Aminah
<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

157. nama 'A' 'm' 'i' 'n' 'a' 'h' '\0' ? gred 'A' matrik 4021 fin fout fail
Example :
FILE *fin, *fout;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fputs(nama, fout);
fputc('\n', fout);
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
gred
'A'
matrik
4021
fin
fout
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
Ahmad
Salim
Aminah
<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat

158. nama 'A' 'm' 'i' 'n' 'a' 'h' '\0' ? gred 'A' matrik 4021 fin fout fail
Example :
FILE *fin, *fout;
char nama[10], gred;
int matrik;
fin = fopen("in.dat", "r");
fout = fopen("out.dat", "w");
if (fin != NULL && fout != NULL) {
while (fgets(nama, 10, fin) != NULL) {
fputs(nama, fout);
fputc('\n', fout);
fscanf(fin, "%d %c\n", &matrik, &gred); }
fclose(fin);
fclose(fout);
gred
'A'
matrik
4021
fin
fout
Ahmad B
Salim A
Aminah A<eof>
Ahmad
Salim
Aminah
<eof>
fail
out.dat
fail
in.dat