1. Fisheries Crime and the SDGs: The call and the tools for interagency policy cooperation
Julia Kercher
UNDP Oslo Governance Centre
FishCRIME, the 4th International Symposium On Fisheries Crime
Copenhagen, October 2018

2. What is new about the SDGs?
More ISSUES addressed, e.g. inequalities (beyond gender inequalities) and peace and governance issues (see SDG 10 and 16)
But also more DETAIL, e.g. MDGs had only one goal for all aspects of environment (now at least five, SDG 6, 12, 13, 14, 15)
More COMPREHENSIVE, e.g. MDGs had 3 health related goals – focus on women and children, SDG consolidates all the issues and includes more in one Goal – FOR ALL

3. The 2030 Agenda – more than Goals
Preamble & Declaration
17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Means of Implementation & Global Partnership
Follow-Up & Review
Overarching Principles such as
Universality
Leave No One Behind
Accountability
Interlinkages & Policy Coherence
MDGs were just about the WHAT, the 2030 Agenda talk about the WHAT and the HOW
Universality: Applies to all countries, all countries have a shared responsibility
Leave No One Behind: Identify those left behind and reach them first
Accountability: Formal review mechanisms (all levels); Accountability is downward (people) and horizontal (peers), not upward (donors)
Interlinkages & Integration: No goal can be achieved in isolation (silo), need to work across sectors – Fisheries Crime perhaps one of the best examples for this.

4. Interlinkages & Policy Coherence
The 5 Ps of the 2030 Agenda
The preamble of the 2030 Agenda states 5Ps that the Agenda seeks to address. The 5Ps help consider the different dimension of each issue. [Example for each]
Now, this is interesting but why is this relevant from a policy perspective? Because every goal and every issue such as fisheries crime has several dimensions, no goal and no issue can be solved in isolation (SYNERGIES). In turn, policy interventions in the different areas affect each other so there can be TRADE-OFFS. [Example: harmful subsidies]
Again, this sounds obvious but there is a practical problem: We are all organised in sectors, most of us are experts in one sector. Those developing and implementing fisheries policies tend to be fisheries experts, not experts on organized crime, the justice system or corruption. So 2030 Agenda says: We need interagency policy cooperation.

5. Where is FishCrime in the SDGs? (Selection)
End overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing
Prohibit fisheries subsidies that contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to IUU fishing
16.3 – Improve rule of law and access to justice
16.4 – Reduce illicit financial and arms flows, organized crime
16.5 – Reduce corruption and bribery
16.6 – Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions
16.10 – Access to information and fundamental freedoms
SDG 16 = Enabler for many other SDGs

6. Identify Interlinkages – A Tool for Non-Governance Experts
SDG 16
Tar
gets
ANALYSIS
NOTES
Issue :
Fishermen
work
in slave -
like conditions in remote places
(e.g. Benjina)
Other r
elevant Target/s
ECONOMIC
SOCIAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
Details
Sources of
Information
Aspect
Decreasing profitability
Relevant Target/s
14.4 ,
14.6,
14.b,
12.8, 8
.7, 8.8, 2.4
Forced labour 8
.7, 8.8,
Decreasing fish stocks
CONS
ENABL
REINF
INDIV
Can reducing VIOLENCE
catalyse
progress on this
dimension? (16.1) X
Yes: the issue itself is physical abuse
and death threats
against fishermen
on vessels
Global Slavery Index:
dex.org/2018/findings/impo
rting
risk/fishing/
Greenpeace:
cationChapters/ditcted2016
d3_part3_en.pdf
ILO:
5/groups/public/
---
ed_norm/ de
claration/documents/publ
ication/wcms_ pdf
declaration/documents/publ
icati
on/wcms_ pdf
Can ending abuse, exploitation,
trafficking or other forms of
VIOLENCE against and torture
of CHILDREN
progress
on this dimension? (16.2)
Yes: The issue itself is t
rafficking of
(underage)
fishermen in
to work for
exploitative fishing companies
Can improving the RULE OF
LAW and ensuring access to
JUSTICE
progress on
this dimension? (16.3)
Yes: I
mprove s a
ccess to remedy for
exploited
workers
and act as
deterrent for
operators (
prevention)
enforcement of labour
and
fisheries/fleet
standards
Yes: I
enforcement of fishing
quotas
Can reducing ILLICIT FINANCIAL
AND ARMS FLOWS, the state of
stolen assets and ORGANIZED
CRIME
dimension? (16.4) M
ake
it harder to use f
ishing
companies to
launder money from
organised crime
, e.g. prostitut
ion
Can reducing CORRUPTION
AND BRIBERY
on this dimension? (16.5)
it harder for
authorities
(e.g. coast guard
) to
cast a blind eye to
conditions on
vessels
it harder
for authorities to
cast a blind eye on illegal overfishing
Can EFFECTIVE, ACCOUNTABLE
AND TRANSPARENT
INSTITUTIONS at all levels
dimension? (16.6)
access to remedy for
Yes: Would improve
enforcement of
labour
Yes: Would improve enforcement of
fishing quotas
Formulate the issue at hand. If possible, identify economic, social and environmental aspects of the issue and identify SDG target/s that relate to each aspect.
Consider the SDG 16 targets and assess if any of them could enable progress on the issue. Distinguish between four levels of interaction (adapted from ICSU 2017): CONSistent = neutral relationship, ENABLing = enables achievement, REINForcing: directly creates conditions that lead to achievement, INDIVisible: inextricably linked.
Note down details as well as key sources of information you are using to make this assessment

7. Leverage Interlinkages – A Tool for Collaboration
Co-operation?
Co-ordination?
Integration?
UN World Public Sector Report 2018
To unpack the problem, explore its immediate, underlying and structural causes and summarize a few points. Make use of the knowledge of the different actors participating in the discussion.
Find out whether there are existing policies to address the problem at any of these levels and note them down.
Specify the state actors that have responsibilities (at national and sub-national level) based on existing policies. Also note down other, non-governmental actors that can influence the problem.
Discuss why these actors are not solving the problem the way existing policies envisage them to – or, more constructively: What do they need so they can act (capacity gaps)?
Finally, explore how some of these capacity gaps can be filled through increasing policy integration across sectors. The UN World Public Sector Report 2018 refers to three levels of policy integration proposed by Meijers and Stead (2004) - discuss and agree actions that you want to take to work across sectors:
co-operation: dialogue and information;
co-ordination: in addition, transparency and an attempt to avoid policy conflicts;
integration: in addition, joint working, attempts to create synergies between different sectors and the use of the same goals to formulate policy.

8. In short …
The 2030 Agenda recognizes that Planet, People, Prosperity, Peace and Partnership cannot be tackled separately
Fisheries Crime is addressed in several SDGs, esp. SDG 14 (Oceans) and 16 (Peace, Justice, Inclusion)
The 2030 Agenda calls for interagency policy cooperation and UNDP is developing tools to support this

9. Thank You!