1. Circulatory System Explain the structure of the heart 8.01
Analyze the function of the heart 8.02
Analyze the circulation of the blood. 8.03

2. Functions of the heart
Pump to circulate blood to all parts of the body.
Blood transport system around body
Carries O2 and nutrients to cells, carries away waste products.
Lymph system – returns excess tissue fluid to general circulation

3. Components of the Circulatory System
Heart
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Blood and lymph are part of circulatory system

4. Major Blood Circuits General (systemic) circulation
Cardiopulmonary circulation

5. The Heart Muscular organ Size of a closed fist Weighs 12-13 oz
Location – thoracic cavity
Apex – conical tip, lies on diaphragm, points left
Stethoscope instrument used to hear the heartbeat Heart sound is lub dub.

6. The Heart Hollow, muscular, double pump that circulates blood.
At rest = 2 oz. blood with each beat, 5 qts./min., 75 gallons/hour.
Average= 72 beats per minute.
100,000 beats/day

7. The Heart cont.
Pericardium double layer of fibrous tissue that surrounds the heart
Myocardium cardiac muscle tissue
Endocardium smooth inner lining of heart
Septum partition (wall) that separates right half from left half.

8. The Heart cont.
                                                                                                        
Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava bring deoxygenated blood to the right atrium
Pulmonary artery takes blood away from the right ventricle to the lungs for O2 .
Pulmonary veins bring oxygenated blood from the lungs to left atrium
Aorta takes blood away from left ventricle to rest of body.

9. Chambers and Valves Septum divides into right and left halves
Upper chambers Right atrium and Left atrium
Lower chambers right ventricle and left ventricle, the left ventricle wall is 3x as thick as the right ventricle wall and forms the apex of the heart.
Four heart valves permit flow of blood in one direction
                         

10. Valves Tricuspid valve between right atrium and right ventricle
                         
Tricuspid valve between right atrium and right ventricle
Bicuspid (mitral) valve between left atrium and left ventricle
Semilunar valves are located where blood leaves the heart
Pulmonary semilunar valve and
Aortic semilunar valve.

11. Blood and oxygen supply to the heart is from the coronary arteries.
                                         

12. Physiology of the Heart the heart is a double pump
Physiology of the Heart the heart is a double pump. When the heart beats…..
Right Heart
Deoxygenated blood flows into heart from vena cavart. atriumtricuspid valve rt. ventricle pulmonary semilunar valve  pulmonary artery lungs (for O2 )
Left Heart
Oxygenated blood flows from lungs via pulmonary veins lt. atrium mitral valve left ventricle aortic semilunar valve aorta general circulation (to deliver O2 )

14. Control of Heart Contractions
                                                                                                                                                                        
SA (sinoatrial) node is the pacemaker of the heart.
Located in the right atrium of the heart.
SA node sends out electrical impulse
Impulse spreads over the atria, making them contract
The impulse then travels to the AV node

15. AV (atrioventricular) Node
                                                                                                                                                                        
AV (atrioventricular) Node
Conducting cell group between atria and ventricle
Carries impulse to bundle of His

16. Bundle of His
Conducting fibers in the septum
Divides into R and L branches to network of branches in ventricles (Purkinje fibers)
Purkinje Fibers
Impulse shoots along Purkinje fibers causing the ventricles to contract.

17. Electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG)
Device used to record the electrical activity of the heart
Systole=contraction phase
Diastole= relaxation phase
P=atrial contraction
QRS=ventricular contraction
T=ventricular relaxation
Holter monitor=24hr. EKG

18. Interpretation of EKG  P wave=enlarged atrium or stenosed AV valve.
 Q wave= Myocardial infarction
 R wave= Enlarged ventricles
 T wave = K+ level too high

19. Circulation and Blood Vessels
Cardiopulmonary Circulation
Systemic Circulation
Arterioles
Venules
Heart and lungs
From the heart to the tissues and cells, then back to the heart
Smallest arteries
Smallest veins

20. Systemic Circulation Aorta largest artery in the body
First branch is coronary artery
Aortic arch
Many arteries branch off the descending aorta

21. Arteries Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the capillaries
Elastic, muscular and thick-walled
Transport blood under very high pressure.

22. Capillaries Smallest blood vessels, can only be seen with a microscope
Connect arterioles with venules
Walls are one-cell thick and extremely thin-allow for selective permeability of nutrients, oxygen, CO2 and metabolic wastes

23. Veins Carry deoxygenated blood away from capillaries to the heart
Veins contain a muscular layer, but less elastic and muscular than arteries
Thin walled veins collapse easily when not filled with blood
Valves permit flow of blood only in direction of the heart
Jugular vein- located in the neck

24. Blood Pressure- is the surge of blood when the heart pumps creating pressure against the walls of the arteries.
Systolic Pressure
Diastolic Pressure
Measured during the contraction phase
Measured when the ventricles are relaxed
Normal average systolic pressure= 120
Normal average diastolic pressure =80

25. Pulse alternating expansion and contraction of an artery as blood flows through it.
Pulse sites
Temporal
External maxillary
Carotid
Brachial
Radial
Femoral
Popliteal
Posterior Tibial
Pedal