1. Mutations

2. When do mutations affect the next generation?
Point mutations
single base change
silent mutation
no amino acid change
redundancy in code
missense
change amino acid
Changes the final protein
nonsense
change to stop codon
Stopping prematurely
When do mutations affect the next generation?

3. Point mutation leads to Sickle cell anemia
What kind of mutation?
What structure has the mutation? RNA or DNA

4. Mutations Frameshift shift in the reading frame
changes everything “downstream”
insertions
adding base(s)
deletions
losing base(s)
Where would this mutation cause the most change: beginning or end of gene?

6. What’s the value of mutations?