1. The Independent Labour Party
Individual Note: As we know, the Liberal party gained the majority of Scottish votes before the war. There were a number of organisations which made up the ‘Labour Movement’ in Scotland. The most radical (opposed to government) was the Independent Labour Party. It was formed by Scottish miner Keir Hardie in the 1880s The main Labour party supported the war effort and even joined the wartime coalition government in However, the ILP remained opposed to the war throughout.

2. Now…
Read & highlight the quotes from the ILP about why they were opposed to the war

3. Radicalism & Red Clydeside
Individual Note: 'Red Clydeside’ is the name given to a series of disputes beginning in 1915, between the government and the workers in factories and engineering works in the Glasgow area. The events of ‘Red Clydeside’ gave hope to people who wanted change in Scottish society. It was a major cause of the radicalisation of Scottish politics (dramatic changes). Many workers on the Clydeside formed a group called the Clyde Workers Committee (CWC) who played an important role.

4. Now…
Read & highlight the notes on the four critical events of Red Clydeside

5. Individual Note – Key Red Clydeside Figures
Keir Hardie – Lanarkshire miner and founder of the ILP
John MacLean – Schoolteacher & revolutionary Socialist
Davie Kirkwood – East End resident & prominent socialist
John Wheatley – Irish but lived in Glasgow, ILP member
James Maxton – Teacher from Glasgow’s southside and Socialist
Manny Shinwell – involved in George Square riot & went to prison
Many of these men (underlined) won seats for the ILP in the House of Commons in the 1922 election after the war, mainly in working class areas like Shettleston
This shows that their involvement in the Red Clydeside Era changed Scottish politics because the people that voted for them would probably have voted Liberal before the war

6. Now…
Take notes on the four main political parties and whether they lost/ gained popularity after the war

7. Support for Unionism Individual Note:
Unionism in this issue is the idea of supporting the United Kingdom and Scotland’s place within it. Sometimes Unionism is described as the opposite of Scottish Independence.
Unionism grew after the end of the Great War, meaning the majority of Scots were happy to remain as part of the UK.
This is also closely linked to the growth of support for the Conservatives, as they were a Unionist Party.

8. Now…
Make a mind map of the reasons for supporting Unionism from the next slide

9. War Specific reasons – add on to diagram
MOST IMPORTANT
There was a feeling of mutually shared suffering of the war with the other home nations – they had fought and died together
Religion was still a big part of most Scots’ lives and the main church, The Church of Scotland, was strongly pro-Union
Most Scottish newspapers – e.g. the Sunday Post or Weekly News were very pro-Union. These were read by a large number of the population
Also important:
The newly enfranchised voters (men 21+ and women 30+) did not seem to support Scottish Home Rule and it seemed unpopular & old fashioned to them
The popular parties in Scotland post war (Labour & Conservatives) did not campaign on issues of Home Rule so it was not widely discussed or on the agenda
Traditions like The Royal Family were still popular in Scotland, particularly with older people and people perhaps felt more ‘British’ because of that

10. The Crisis in Scottish Identity
Individual Note:
The ‘Crisis in Scottish Identity’ after the war is about a few things;
Scottish confidence was low because of the economic difficulties – could the Scottish economy survive?
Newspapers and politicians talked about ‘the end of Scotland’ because of the industrial problems
Scotland felt ‘old fashioned’ compared to more bustling, modern economies
Men returning from war didn’t really get a hero’s welcome; they got unemployment and poor housing
Many Scots were leaving through emigration

11. Why was there a crisis in Scottish Identity?
Scotland was no longer the ‘workshop of the empire’ because its key heavy industries like shipbuilding were in serious decline
Due to lack of opportunities, many Scots were emigrating and reached a high of 550,000 in the 1920s
Social problems – housing was poor and slums were common in the cities. The promise of new homes for returning soldiers – ‘Homes fit for Heroes’ did not materialise
Scottish confidence generally collapsed in the post war years or was ‘shaken’

12. Now…
Read the two sources on the Crisis of Scottish Identity and highlight the matching points