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Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of fluctuating temperatures.
From: Effect of Temperature on Biological Parameters of the West Nile Virus Vector Culex pipiens form ‘molestus’ (Diptera: Culicidae) in Greece: Constant vs Fluctuating Temperatures J Med Entomol. Published online December 29, doi: /jme/tjy224 J Med Entomol | © The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (
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Fig. 2. Proportion (±95% binomial CI) of Cx
Fig. 2. Proportion (±95% binomial CI) of Cx. pipiens form ‘molestus’ that survived each developmental stage at the different constant temperatures used. Bars with different lettering denote significant differences among means (GLM with binomial error distribution followed by Tukey’s HSD, P < 0.001). From: Effect of Temperature on Biological Parameters of the West Nile Virus Vector Culex pipiens form ‘molestus’ (Diptera: Culicidae) in Greece: Constant vs Fluctuating Temperatures J Med Entomol. Published online December 29, doi: /jme/tjy224 J Med Entomol | © The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (
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Fig. 3. Proportion (±95% binomial CI) of Cx
Fig. 3. Proportion (±95% binomial CI) of Cx. pipiens form ‘molestus’ that survived each developmental stage at the different fluctuating temperatures used. Bars with different lettering denote significant differences among means (GLM with binomial error distribution followed by Tukey’s HSD, P < 0.001). From: Effect of Temperature on Biological Parameters of the West Nile Virus Vector Culex pipiens form ‘molestus’ (Diptera: Culicidae) in Greece: Constant vs Fluctuating Temperatures J Med Entomol. Published online December 29, doi: /jme/tjy224 J Med Entomol | © The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (
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Fig. 4. Adult longevity (days ± SE) of male and female Cx
Fig. 4. Adult longevity (days ± SE) of male and female Cx. pipiens form ‘molestus’ reared under constant temperatures. Error bars represent standard errors of the mean. Means between temperatures of the same sex followed by the same lowercase letter are not significantly different (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test, P < 0.05). Means between sexes in a particular temperature followed by the same uppercase letter are not significantly different (Student t-test, P < 0.05). From: Effect of Temperature on Biological Parameters of the West Nile Virus Vector Culex pipiens form ‘molestus’ (Diptera: Culicidae) in Greece: Constant vs Fluctuating Temperatures J Med Entomol. Published online December 29, doi: /jme/tjy224 J Med Entomol | © The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (
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Fig. 5. Adult longevity (days ± SE) of male and female Cx
Fig. 5. Adult longevity (days ± SE) of male and female Cx. pipiens form ‘molestus’ reared under fluctuating temperatures. Error bars represent standard errors of the mean. Means between temperatures of the same sex, followed by the same lowercase letter are not significantly different (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test, P < 0.05). Means between sexes in a particular temperature followed by the same uppercase letter are not significantly different (Student t-test, P < 0.05). From: Effect of Temperature on Biological Parameters of the West Nile Virus Vector Culex pipiens form ‘molestus’ (Diptera: Culicidae) in Greece: Constant vs Fluctuating Temperatures J Med Entomol. Published online December 29, doi: /jme/tjy224 J Med Entomol | © The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (
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