1. UNITED STATES AND THE HOME FRONT
EQ: HOW DID THE UNITED STATES MOBLIZE THE HOME FRONT?

2. MOBILIZATION EFFORTS
Once the United States entered the war, it had to mobilize, or bring its forces into readiness.
In 1940 the government had begun to increase military spending.
Army Chief of Staff, General George C. Marshall led the mobilization effort.
1940 selective service reinstated
American women filled a variety of vital roles in the military.
New military bases were needed to train and house soldiers.

3. ARMED FORCES MOBILIZED
FINDING SOLIDERS
The government expanded the draft, which had been reinstated in 1940.
Millions of young men volunteered.
Some 16 million Americans entered the armed forces.
WOMEN
10,000 joined the WAVES, a navy program.
1,000 joined the WASPs, an air force program.
150,000 served in the WAC, an army program.
Oveta Culp Hobby led the WACs; she was a colonel.
MILITARY BASES
Most bases were built in rural areas.
The military bases transformed parts of the United States.
California, Florida, and Texas became home to large numbers of soldiers.

4. AMERICAN INDUSTRY AND SCIENCE IN WORLD WAR II
Troops needed proper equipment to fight World War II.
War supplies had to be shipped overseas.
Wartime agencies regulated what factories produced, what prices they could charge, and how the nation’s raw materials could be used.
Government spending during the war created millions of new jobs.
Technology played an important role in World War II.
Rationing-fixed allotments of goods needed by military

5. ROSIE THE RIVETER
Factories needed workers at the same time men were leaving to join the armed forces.
Women solved the problem. Millions began to work outside the home in industrial jobs.
Working women of the war were represented by the symbolic figure known as Rosie the Riveter.

6. PROBLEMS FACING WORKING WOMEN
WORK PLACE ISSUES
Faced hostile reaction from workers
Worried about leaving their children alone
Earned much less than men
Began at the bottom because they lacked seniority
AFTER THE WAR
Government and others assumed women would go back into the home
Returning soldiers expected to get their jobs back
New campaign encouraged women to leave their jobs

7. LABOR AND SCIENCE
The National War Labor Board was established in 1941 to help settle labor disputes.
The Smith-Connally Act passed in govt could take over important industries
The Manhattan Project began a top-secret mission to build an atomic bomb.
Physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer and other American scientists raced to develop this weapon ahead of the Germans.

8. AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE MILITARY AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE WORKFORCE
FREEDOM AT HOME
AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE MILITARY
Hundreds of thousands served during World War II.
They broke down barriers that had long blocked their way.
Tuskegee airmen
They continued to face discrimination
AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE WORKFORCE
Found jobs in factories that had been unavailable to them before the war
Still faced discrimination
A. Philip Randolph called for a march on Washington to protest their unfair treatment

9. MORE CHALLENGES FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS
President issued executive order to outlaw discrimination in government defense jobs.
Fair Employment Practices Committee
Pittsburg Carrier launched double V campaign
Victory in Europe and at home

10. NAVAJO CODE TALKERS
Phillip Johnston grew up on a Navajo Reservation as the son of a missionary.
The Marine Corps authorized the recruitment of 200 Navajos to be trained and used as communicators in the Pacific.
Requirements:
Fluent in Navajo language,
Fluent in English language,
Learn the Navajo Military Code

11. NATIVE AMERICAN CODE TALKERS
Navajo was a “Hidden Language”
It had no written form or symbols
It was only spoken in the Navajo Nation in the American Southwest
It was impossible for adults to learn

12. CHALLENGES FACING HISPANIC AMERICAS
Demand for farm labor led to the Bracero Program, which gave Mexican workers the chance to work in the United States.
Tension over the increasing numbers of Hispanic workers led to the zoot suit riots in June 1943.