1. These are oxidized 2- and 4-phenolic derivatives of pyridine
PYRIDONES
These are oxidized 2- and 4-phenolic derivatives of pyridine

3. RETROSYNTHESIS

4. QUINOLINE
Has pKa of 4.9, bp 237C, colourless, dipole moment of 2.16D.

5. REACTIONS OF QUINOLINE
It undergoes electrophilic subs rxns on the benzene ring. It also undergoes nucleophilic subs rxns on pyridine ring. Electrophilic subs occurs at C-5 or C-8. Nucleophilic subs rxns at C-2 OR C-4.

6. RXNS –nitration and bromination

7. Sulfonation and nuc subs

8. Oxidation and reduction

9. Compounds containning quinoline

10. QUINOLONES
CIPROFLOXACIN-ANTI-BACTERIAL for treating urinary tract infections, typhoid fever

11. ISOQUINOLINE
pKa 5.14, bp 243C, colourless, pleasant smell, occurs in coal tar and bone oil

12. PYRIDAZINE
pKa 2.3, dipole moment 3.95D. Prepared by reacting 1,4-diketone or dialdehyde with hydrazine

13. synthesis

14. PYRIMIDINE
Bp 124C, water soluble, weak base, dipole moment 2.10D

15. SYNTHESIS

16. Compounds containing pyrimidine

17. Compds cont’d

18. COMPDS CONT’D
Fusion of pyrimidine and imidazole gives purine

19. PYRAZINE
Mp 57C, bp 116C, colourless, water soluble, pKa 0.7, dipole moment 0D

20. SYNTHESIS

21. PTERIDINE
Fusion of pyrimidine and pyrazine. These compds occur as pigments in the wings and eyes of butterflies and other insects

22. Compds of pteridine
Folic acid is composed of pterine, p-aminobenzoic acid and glutamic acid. Folic acid is a growth hormone in plants.

23. Fused rings