1. TODAY: Naming Acids
HW: Naming Acid Worksheet
TEST: Thursday January 24, Friday Jan 25

2. ACIDS
compounds which produce hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water
common acids:
HCl ■ HC2H3O2
H2SO4 ■ H3PO4
HNO3 ■ H2CO3

3. ACIDS
contain an anion (monatomic or polyatomic) with enough H+ cations to produce a neutral compound
Cl– needs one H+ = HCl
SO42 – needs 2 H+ = H2SO4
NO3– needs one H+ = HNO3

4. ACIDS acids all have hydrogen as the first element in their formulas
the word acid at the end of
the name

5. NAMING BINARY ACIDS HCl start with prefix hydro– change –ide to –ic
add word acid at the end
hydrochloric acid

6. NAMING BINARY ACIDS HBr hydrogen bromide hydro– –ide becomes –ic acid
hydrobromic acid HI
hydroiodic acid

7. NAMING POLYATOMIC ACIDS
HC2H3O2
start with polyatomic name
(no prefix hydro–)
change –ate to –ic or –ite to –ous
add word acid at the end
acetic acid

8. NAMING POLYATOMIC ACIDS
HClO2
chlorite
–ite becomes –ous acid
chlorous acid
H3PO4 HNO3 H2SO4
phosphoric nitric sulfuric
acid acid acid

9. LEWIS DOT DIAGRAMS (ELECTRON DOT DIAGRAMS)
show the valence electrons as dots
inner electrons and atomic nuclei are represented by the symbol

10. LEWIS DOT DIAGRAMS (ELECTRON DOT DIAGRAMS)
group 1A: 1 valence e-
group 2A: 2 valence e-, etc.

11. LEWIS DOT DIAGRAMS (ELECTRON DOT DIAGRAMS)
diatomic molecules

12. TODAY:
Lewis Dot Diagrams for Molecules
TEST: Thursday, January 17
know the specified polyatomics
know the stock/classical names

13. LEWIS STRUCTURES: STEPS
1. Count valence electrons and bonds using periodic table and octet rule – make a chart to get valence and shared electrons
2. Choose an arrangement of atoms (carbon in center, hydrogen or halogens on outside)

14. LEWIS STRUCTURES: STEPS
3. Put in calculated number of bonds; single bonds first, then multiple bonds if necessary.
4. Where necessary to complete octets, put in non-bonding electrons in pairs.

15. LEWIS STRUCTURES: STEPS
5. Check work by counting electrons in Lewis structure and comparing calculated number of valence electrons.

16. LEWIS STRUCTURES lO H–C–H CH2O V S C 4 4 H 1 1 O 6 2
12 8 / 2 = 4 bonds lO
H–C–H

17. LEWIS STRUCTURES
NH3
V S
N 5 3
H 1 1
8 6 / 2 = 3 bonds
H–N–H H

18. LEWIS STRUCTURES O–S–O O SO32– V S S 6 2 O 6 2 24 8 +2 -2
24 8
+2 -2
26 6 / 2 = 3 bonds
O–S–O O 2-

19. POLYATOMIC IONS
FROM NOW ON:
know NO CO SO PO ions
(–ates and –ites)
know NH4+
know –ides: cyanide, hydroxide
know chlorine containing ions

20. TODAY: Electronegativity/Polarity
REVIEW
TEST: January 17, 18 and 19
not given: the specified polyatomics
not given: the stock/classical names

21. ELECTRONEGATIVITY AND POLARITY
electronegativity = ability of an atom to attract electrons in a covalent bond
most electroneg. element = flourine
least electroneg. element = francium
Unequal sharing of electrons will produce a polar bond.

22. ELECTRONEGATIVITY AND POLARITY
F–F
H–F
H2O
NH3