1. CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS
SC.3.L.15.1
Today, we are going to examine the similarities among living things. Living things such as plants and animals are different, yet they share similar structures.
Classify animals into major groups (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, arthropods, vertebrates and invertebrates, those having live births and those which lay eggs) according to their physical characteristics and behaviors..

2. Name the three things that ALL animals have in common
are living things.
. Animals cannot
make their own
food .
Animals can move
on their own
during part or all
of their lives.
Can you think of three things that all animals have in common? (Wait for student response.) Good answers. First and foremost, all animals are living things. The other two factors are animals cannot make their own food and animals can move on their own during part, if not all, of their lives.

3. Vertebrates and Invertebrates Vertebrates – animals with backbones that surround the spinal cord. Vertebrates include mammals, reptiles, birds, fish, and amphibians.
Invertebrates – animals that do not have backbones. Invertebrates include mollusks, worms, and arthropods.
There are two types of animals: vertebrates and invertebrates. Vertebrate animals have backbones that surround their spinal cord. Vertebrates include mammals, reptiles, birds, fish, and amphibians. The opposite of vertebrates are invertebrates. These animals do not have a backbone. Invertebrates include mollusks, worms, and arthropods.

4. Characteristics of Mammals
Body Covering
Hair or fur
Body Temperature
Warm-blooded
How do they breathe air?
Using their lungs
We are going to focus our attention on vertebrate animals. The first kind of vertebrate animal is a mammal. Mammals are covered in hair or fur. They are considered to be warm-blooded or endothermic. This means that they can maintain a constant body temperature despite the changes in temperature of their surrounding environment. Mammals breathe by using their lungs. Mammals take good care of their young by feeding them. Mothers are able to produce milk to feed their offspring. Finally, mammals have live birth. Zebras, kangaroos, lions, horses, giraffes, and whales are all examples of mammals. Did you know that you and I are also mammals?
Do they feed their young?
Yes. The mothers produce milk
Do they have live birth or lay eggs?
Live birth

5. Characteristics of Reptiles
Body Covering
Scales
Body Temperature
Cold-blooded
How do they breathe air?
Using their lungs
Reptiles such as iguanas, komodo dragons, turtles, snakes, alligators, and chameleons also have a backbone, thus making them vertebrate animals. What body covering do you think reptiles have? (Wait for student response.) Excellent. They have scales. Are reptiles warm or cold-blooded? (Wait for student response.) Good job. They are cold-blooded or ectothermic. The opposite of warm-blooded, an ectothermic animal maintains its body temperature by absorbing heat from it surrounding environment. This is why you might see alligators or snakes basking in the sun. They are trying to regulate their body temperature. Reptiles, like mammals use their lungs to breathe; however, reptiles do not feed their young. In fact, sometimes they will even eat their own offspring. Do reptiles have live birth or lay eggs? (Wait for student response.) You are absolutely correct. Most reptiles lay eggs.
Do they feed their young? No
Do they have live birth or lay eggs?
Most lay eggs

6. Characteristics of Birds
Body Covering
Feathers
Body Temperature
Warm-blooded
How do they breathe air?
Using their lungs
Birds, yet another type of vertebrate, have what type of body covering? (Wait for student response.) That’s right, feathers. Birds are like us in many ways. They are warm-blooded, they use their lungs to breathe, and they feed and take care of their young. But, do birds have live birth or do they lay eggs? (Wait for student response.) Exactly, birds lay hard-shelled eggs, where as mammals have live birth.
Do they feed their young?
Yes
Do they have live birth or lay eggs?
Lay hard-shelled eggs

7. Characteristics of Fish
Body Covering
Usually scales
Body Temperature
Cold-blooded
How do they breathe air?
Using their gills
Fish are also vertebrates. We all know that fish are covered in scales. They are cold-blooded and breathe using their gills. Fish typically do not feed their young and they lay soft or jelly-coated eggs.
Do they feed their young? No
Do they have live birth or lay eggs?
Lay soft or jelly-coated eggs

8. Characteristics of Amphibians
Body Covering
Soft skin
Body Temperature
Cold-blooded
How do they breathe air?
Using their gills, lungs, or skin
The last of the vertebrate animals are amphibians. Amphibians are animals like frogs and toads. They are covered in soft skin and cold-blooded. Do you know how amphibians breathe? (Wait for student response.) This one is certainly tricky. Amphibians use their gills, lungs, or skin to breathe depending upon what stage of life they are in. Amphibians do not feed their young and they lay their eggs in water.
Do they feed their young? No
Do they have live birth or lay eggs?
Lay their eggs in water

9. Compare an eagle and an alligator
Body Covering
Body Temperature
How do they breathe?
Do they feed their young?
Live birth or lay eggs?
Vertebrate or Invertebrate
Eagle Alligator
- Feathers Scales
- Warm-blooded Cold-blooded
- Feed their young Do not feed their
young
Breathe w/ lungs
Lay eggs
Vertebrates
Let’s compare an eagle, which is a bird, to a mammal, the alligator, using this Venn Diagram. First, what body covering does each animal have? (Wait for student response.) That’s right, eagles have feathers, where as alligators have scales. What about body temperature? (Wait for student response.) Awesome! Eagles are warm-blooded and alligators are cold-blooded. How does each animal breathe? (Wait for student response.) Excellent similarity. Both breathe using their lungs. Do they feed their young? (Wait for student response.) Good. Eagles feed their young, while alligators don’t. How about the birth of their young, do they have live birth or lay eggs? (Wait for student response.) Good job. Another similarity, they both lay eggs. Lastly, are they vertebrates or invertebrates. Excellent! Eagles an alligators are both vertebrates.

10. INVERTEBRATES: Arthropods
Invertebrates that have a segmented body, a hard exoskeleton, and jointed appendages of legs and antennae.
CRUSTACEAN
INSECT
ARTHROPOD
Arthropods are invertebrates that have a segmented body, a hard exoskeleton, and jointed appendages of legs and antennae. Examples of arthropods include insects, arachnids, and crustaceans (lobsters, crabs, shrimps, and barnacles).
LOBSTER
BEE
SCORPIAN

11. INVERTEBRATES: Annelids
Annelids have bodies that are divided into segments.
WORM
BRISTLE WORM
LEECH
Annelids have bodies that are divided into segments. Worms and leeches are examples of annelids.

12. INVERTEBRATES: Echinoderms
Echinoderms live in the ocean and have arms or
spines that radiate from the center of their bodies.
SEA STARS
SEA ANEMONE
SEA URCHINS
Echinoderms live in the ocean and have arms or spines that radiate from the center of their bodies. Examples of echinoderms are sea stars and sea urchins. Protozoa are microscopic, single-celled animals. The amoebas are protozoa that have clear, shapeless cells whereas; the flagellates are protozoa that have one or more long, slender flagella used for locomotion.

13. INVERTEBRATES: Mollusks
Annelids have bodies that are divided into segments.
SNAIL
OCTOPUS
SLUGS
Mollusks have organs that are covered by a hard outer shell. Snails and slugs are examples of mollusks that live on land. Many mollusks live in the water, such as clams, oysters, and octopuses.