AIM SWBAT distinguish between sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic system. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission.

AIM SWBAT distinguish between sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic system. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Force Resistance Resistance Resistance Force Resistance Fulcrum Fulcrum Fulcrum Fulcrum Force Force (a) First-class lever (b) Second-class lever Resistance Force Resistance Fulcrum (c) Third-class lever Fulcrum Force

Criteria for Success [ ] I can differentiate between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the peripheral nervous system. [ ] I can describe the major structures of the brain. [ ] I can list the lobes of the cerebrum and their major functions. .

Autonomic Nervous System
Functions without conscious effort Controls visceral activities Regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands Efferent fibers typically lead to ganglia outside of the CNS Two autonomic divisions regulate: Sympathetic division (speeds up) Prepares body for ‘fight or flight’ situations Parasympathetic division (slows down) Prepares body for ‘resting and digesting’ activities

Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetics Parasympathetics 4 4

Sympathetic Division Postganglionic fibers extend from sympathetic ganglia to visceral organs Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Gray ramus Dorsal root ganglion Preganglionic neuron Postganglionic neuron White ramus Spinal cord Dorsal root Posterior horn Sympathetic trunk Lateral horn Dorsal branch of spinal nerve Anterior horn Ventral branch of spinal nerve Spinal nerve Ventral root Paravertebral sympathetic ganglion Visceral effector (intestine) To visceral effectors (smooth muscle of blood vessels, arrector pili muscles, and sweat glands) Collateral ganglion

Sympathetic Division Lacrimal gland Eye Parotid gland,
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Lacrimal gland Eye Parotid gland, submandibular and sublingual glands Blood vessels Heart Celiac and pulmonary plexuses Trachea Lungs Skin Celiac ganglion Liver Gallbladder Fibers to skin, blood vessels, and adipose tissue Superior mesenteric ganglion Stomach Pancreas Small intestine Large intestine Spinal cord Inferior mesenteric ganglion Adrenal gland Sympathetic chain ganglia Kidney Preganglionic neuron Postganglionic neuron Urinary bladder Ovary Penis Uterus Scrotum

Sympathetic Division 7 7

Parasympathetic Division
Ganglia are near or within various organs Terminal ganglia

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Sphenopalatine ganglion Lacrimal gland Cranial nerve III Ciliary ganglion Eye Submandibular and sublingual glands Submandibular ganglion Cranial Nerve VII Parotid gland Cranial nerve IX Otic ganglion Heart Cranial nerve X (Vagus) Trachea Lung Cardiac and pulmonary plexuses Liver Gallbladder Celiac plexus Stomach Spleen Superior hypogastric plexus Pancreas Small intestine Inferior hypogastric plexus Large intestine Spinal cord Kidney Pelvic nerves Urinary bladder Preganglionic neuron Postganglionic neuron Scrotum Uterus Penis Ovary

10 10

Brain Functions of the brain: Interprets sensations
Determines perception Stores memory Reasoning Makes decisions Coordinates muscular movements Regulates visceral activities Determines personality

Brain Major parts of the brain: Cerebrum Frontal lobes Parietal lobes
Occipital lobes Temporal lobes Insula Diencephalon Cerebellum Brainstem Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata

© Martin M. Rotker/Photo Researchers, Inc.
The Brain Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Gyrus Skull Sulcus Meninges Cerebrum Corpus callosum Diencephalon Midbrain Fornix Brainstem Pons Medulla oblongata Cerebellum Spinal cord (a) Fornix Cerebrum Midbrain Corpus callosum Pons Transverse fissure Diencephalon Cerebellum Medulla oblongata Spinal cord © Martin M. Rotker/Photo Researchers, Inc. (b)

The Brain 14 47 14

Structure of the Cerebrum
Corpus callosum Connects cerebral hemispheres Gyri Bumps or convolutions Sulci Shallow grooves in gray matter Central sulcus Fissures Deep groove Longitudinal: separates the cerebral hemispheres Transverse: separates cerebrum from cerebellum Lateral fissure of Sylvius Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Central sulcus Parietal lobe Gyrus Sulcus Frontal lobe Lateral sulcus Occipital lobe Transverse fissure Temporal lobe Cerebellar hemisphere (a) Central sulcus Parietal lobe Central sulcus Longitudinal fissure Frontal lobe Occipital lobe Parietal lobe Insula Occipital lobe Retracted temporal lobe (b) (c)

51 16

Gyri and sulci 53 17

Lobes of the Cerebrum Five (5) lobes bilaterally: Frontal lobe
Higher intellectual processes Complex problem solving Judging consequences of behavior Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Central sulcus Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Frontal lobe Insula Retracted temporal lobe (c)

Lobes of the Cerebrum Five (5) lobes bilaterally: Parietal lobe
Sensations of temperature, touch, pressure and pain involving skin Understanding speech and using words to express thoughts and feelings Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Central sulcus Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Frontal lobe Insula Retracted temporal lobe (c)

Lobes of the Cerebrum Five (5) lobes bilaterally: Temporal lobe
Hearing Interpret sensory experiences and remember visual scenes, music and other complex sensory patterns Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Central sulcus Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Frontal lobe Insula Retracted temporal lobe (c)

Lobes of the Cerebrum Five (5) lobes bilaterally: Occipital lobe
Vision Combine visual images with other sensory experiences Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Central sulcus Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Frontal lobe Insula Retracted temporal lobe (c)

Lobes of the Cerebrum Five (5) lobes bilaterally:
Insula aka ‘Island of Reil’ Involved with consciousness Hand eye movement Swallowing and gastric motility Interoceptive awareness Bladder Blood pressure/heart rate before exercise Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Central sulcus Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Frontal lobe Insula Retracted temporal lobe (c)

Lobes of the Cerebrum Frontal lobe 55 23

Lobes of the Cerebrum Parietal lobe 56 24

Lobes of the Cerebrum Occipital lobe 57 25

Lobes of the Cerebrum Temporal lobe 58 26

Lobes of the Cerebrum Insula 59 27

Hemisphere Dominance The left hemisphere is dominant in most individuals Dominant hemisphere controls: Speech Writing Reading Verbal skills Analytical skills Computational skills Nondominant hemisphere controls: Nonverbal tasks Motor tasks Understanding and interpreting musical and visual patterns Provides emotional and intuitive thought processes

Hemisphere Dominance 73 29

AIM SWBAT distinguish between sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic system. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission.

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AIM SWBAT distinguish between sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic system. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission.

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