1. Classification of
Matter

2. study of the composition and behavior of matter.
Introduction
Chemistry
study of the composition and behavior of matter.

3. Matter
Anything with mass and volume

4. What are some examples of things that are made of matter?
book
air
water

5. What are some examples of things we can observe that are not made of matter?
fire
Light
heat

6. Mass
The quantity of matter within an object.
**Mass is independent of gravity; weight is not!

7. Volume
The amount of space an object takes up.

8. We can classify matter:
By physical state
(a.k.a. phase)
Solid
definite shape and volume
Liquid
definite volume, but takes shape of container

9. Gas
takes volume & shape of container
Plasma
positive ions & stream of electrons

10. What are examples of each of the four states of matter?

11. We can classify matter:
By composition:
Element:
Cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means
All matter is composed of elements
Basic unit of matter

12. Elements:
Currently more than 114 known
Each has specific properties and characteristics
Each has a unique symbol

13. 1st is capitalized, 2nd is not
Chemical Symbols:
One or two letters
1st is capitalized, 2nd is not
often 1st or first 2 letters of the name
Carbon C
Calcium Ca
Boron B
Bromine Br

14. Some symbols are derived from their Latin names:
Iron Fe (Ferrum)
Sodium Na (Natrium)
Silver Ag (Argentum)

15. Compound:
A pure, CHEMICALLY bonded combination of at least 2 elements that CAN be broken down by ordinary means into elements
Properties of compound are different than its components
Has a chemical formula

16. Examples:
Water (H2O)
Ammonia (NH4)
Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

17. All elements and compounds are PURE, and are called SUBSTANCES.

18. Mixture:
-- A PHYSICAL combination of at
least 2 substances.
--Wide variety of composition
--Each component of a mixture
retain its original properties

19. All mixtures can be separated into their original parts by using physical changes/properties.

20. Two Types of Mixtures
1. Heterogeneous
Composition varies in properties and appearance throughout

21. sand in water salt and sugar tap water
What are examples of Heterogenous?
sand in water
salt and sugar
tap water

22. Classification of Matter
Two types of mixtures:
2. Homogeneous
uniform throughout
(aka – solution)

23. What are examples of Homogenous mixtures?
salt water
sugar water
air

24. Most mixtures are Heterogeneous.
Homogeneous mixture = Solution
All pure substances are Homogeneous.

25. Can it be physically separated?
Matter Flowchart
MATTER
yes no
Can it be physically separated?
MIXTURE
PURE SUBSTANCE
Is the composition uniform? no
yes
Can it be chemically decomposed? no
yes
Homogeneous Mixture
(solution)
Heterogeneous Mixture
Compound
Element
C. Johannesson

26. All matter has useful characteristics called PROPERTIES.

27. Chemical properties describe how a substance reacts to form new substances.

28. Flammability, reactivity, decomposition, metabolic

29. Chemical Change
Process where one or more substances change into a new substance
What are some examples of chemical changes?
Examples: combustion, decomposition, neutralization

30. Physical properties can be measured w/o changing the identity and composition of a substance.

31. Five senses
Manipulation
Phase Changes
Dissolving

32. Physical Change
Process that alters a substance with out changing its composition
What are some examples of physical changes?
Examples: cutting, chopping, dissolving, ripping, bending

33. Indicators of A Chemical Reaction
Formation of a gas (bubbles)
Evolution of heat and light
Formation of a precipitate

34. *Solid “falls out” of solution.
Precipitate:
A solid produced in a chemical reaction in a solution.
*Solid “falls out” of solution.

35. Extensive Properties
depend on the amount of substance present
volume, mass

36. Intensive vs. Extensive Properties
Intensive Properties
depend only on the identify of the substance
temperature, density, boiling point, melting point

37. Exothermic:
Heat is released.
Temperature increases (hotter)

38. Endothermic:
Heat is absorbed.
Temperature decreases (colder)

39. What are examples of exothermic reactions?
What are examples of endothermic reactions?