1. U.S. Japan China South Asia
Security Environment
U.S.
Japan
China
South Asia

2. U.S. in Asia-Pacific
Begins with the annexation of Hawaii and the Philippines in 1898
Strategic importance of Asia-Pacific has been rising to the U.S.
Pacific War ( )
Korean War ( )
Vietnam War ( )

5. U.S. National Interest U.S. national interest in Asia
Regional peace & stability
presence of 100,000 military personnel
Expansion of democracy
Market economy
Individual rights
Counter-terrorism

6. Japan
One of the most important components of U.S. security policy in Asia-Pacific region
U.S.-Japan alliance survived 4 decades thanks to the Cold War
United States-Japan Security Treaty of 1951
did not oblige U.S. to protect Japan
revised in 1960 to add ``prior consultation”

7. U.S.-Japan Guidelines for U.S.-Japan Defense Cooperation in 1978
maintain a credible U.S. defense commitment to Japan
``the framework `to fight’ the new Cold War”
Guidelines for U.S.-Japan Defense Cooperation in 1997

8. Self-Defense Forces

9. Obstacles Obstacles to Japan’s use of military forces overseas:
domestic political opposition
Asian neighbor’s wartime memories
economic recession
aging population

10. China’s Reemergence Largest population Largest army
Second largest economy
Open to foreign trade
trade volume $4 trillion in 2015
Foreign direct investment (2015)
Net inflow of FDI $ ¼ trillion (behind only U.S.)
outflow of FDI $146 billion (behind only U.S.)

11. Taiwan Relationship between Taipei and Beijing 1950s through 1970s:
continuation of the GMD-CCP civil war ( )
Beijing: ``to liberate Taiwan”
Taipei: ``to gloriously retake the mainland”
1980s:
Beijing: attracting investments from Taiwan
Taipei: allowing investment on mainland

12. U.S. Strategic Ambiguity
3 Joint Communiqués between PRC and US in 1972, 1979, and 1982
Taiwan Relations Act of 1979
Strategic Ambiguity:
ambiguous commitment to Taiwan’s defense
ambiguous policy on arms sale to Taiwan
ambiguity on the definition of ``One China”

13. Dual Deterrence No provocation on either side
Maintain stability and status quo

14. South China Sea

15. South China Sea

17. India-Pakistan Wars 1947-1949, Kashmir 1965, Kashmir
1971, East Pakistan (Bangladesh)