1. Topic 2 Process Description

2. Ventilation of the lungs Purpose & Knowledge Structures
To describe the process of ventilation of the lungs
Knowledge structures:
definition + description + sequence
Graphics:
route, flow-chart, diagram

3. Ventilation of the lungs Graphics

4. Ventilation of the lungs Text Structure
Paragraph 1:
to identify / define the process to describe
 a definition of the process to describe
Paragraph 2:
to describe the process
 a description of the process
Process description [Definition^ Description Sequence]

5. Ventilation of the lungs Text structure & Language use
Description sequence
Definition: being verb + noun phrase (head noun + relative clause / prepositional phrase)
Identification/ Definition of process to describe
Ventilation of the lungs Text structure & Language use
Content obligatory vocabulary
Ventilation of the lungs is the process by which air is inhaled and exhaled. This process is the first stage in respiration. When we inhale, air containing 21% oxygen enters the respiratory system through the mouth and the nose. The air passes through the larynx and the trachea into the two bronchi, which divide into many bronchioles. The air passes into these bronchioles, which connect to tiny sacs called alveoli. Gaseous exchange takes place in these alveoli. When we exhale, air containing less oxygen but much more carbon dioxide goes back from the alveoli to the bronchioles and then to the bronchi. From the bronchi, air goes back to the trachea and the larynx and then goes out of the respiratory system through the mouth and the nose.
Sequence: when-clause (time); sequence connective
Sequence (route): action verbs + prepositional phrases
relative clauses  Describe? Define?

6. Description sequence
Identification/ Definition of process to describe
Ventilation of the lungs Language of route = verb + prepositional phrase
Ventilation of the lungs is the process by which air is inhaled and exhaled. This process is the first stage in respiration. When we inhale, air containing 21% oxygen enters the respiratory system through the mouth and the nose. The air passes through the larynx and the trachea into the two bronchi, which divide into many bronchioles. The air passes into these bronchioles, which connect to tiny sacs called alveoli. Gaseous exchange takes place in these alveoli. When we exhale, air containing less oxygen but much more carbon dioxide goes back from the alveoli to the bronchioles and then to the bronchi. From the bronchi, air goes back to the trachea and the larynx and then goes out of the respiratory system through the mouth and the nose.
Sequence (route): action verbs + prepositional phrases

7. enters through the mouth and the nose
goes out through the mouth and the nose
passes through the larynx and the trachea
goes back to the trachea and the larynx
to the bronchi
into the two bronchi
passes into these bronchioles
to the bronchioles
connect to tiny sacs called alveoli
goes back from the alveoli

8. Ventilation of the lungs Noun Phrases as Subject & Object
Ventilation of the lungs is the process by which air is inhaled and exhaled. This process is the first stage in respiration.
When we inhale, air containing 21% oxygen enters the respiratory system through the mouth and the nose. The air passes through the larynx and the trachea into the two bronchi, which divide into many bronchioles. The air passes into these bronchioles, which connect to tiny sacs called alveoli. Gaseous exchange takes place in these alveoli. When we exhale, air containing less oxygen but much more carbon dioxide goes back from the alveoli to the bronchioles and then to the bronchi. From the bronchi, air goes back to the trachea and the larynx and then goes out of the respiratory system through the mouth and the nose.

9. Ventilation of the lungs Noun Phrases as Subject & Object
Ventilation of the lungs is the process by which air is inhaled and exhaled. This process is the first stage in respiration.
When we inhale, air containing 21% oxygen enters the respiratory system through the mouth and the nose. The air passes through the larynx and the trachea into the two bronchi, which divide into many bronchioles. The air passes into these bronchioles, which connect to tiny sacs called alveoli. Gaseous exchange takes place in these alveoli. When we exhale, air containing less oxygen but much more carbon dioxide goes back from the alveoli to the bronchioles and then to the bronchi. From the bronchi, air goes back to the trachea and the larynx and then goes out of the respiratory system through the mouth and the nose.

10. Ventilation of the lungs Chunking up long noun phrases
Long noun phrases as Subject or Object:
Find the verb of the sentence
Underline the long noun phrase (Subject/Object)
Circle the head noun
Chunk up the pre and post unit by unit to add meaning to the head noun

11. Ventilation of the lungs Nominalisation: ventilation
Unpack to an easier word version:
Ventilation is a noun. It comes from the verb ‘ventilate’.
Explain the easier word:
To ventilate means to let air flow in and out freely, we usually do this to drive unfresh air out and to draw fresh air in so that we can get fresh air, we circulate fresh air, we ventilate air
If you are in a stuffy room, you will like to ventilate the air so that you have fresh air. We use a ventilator for this. Do you have a ventilator at home, in the toilet and in the kitchen?
Pack it up again:
Our body also needs fresh air, we need fresh oxygen to live and we don’t want carbon dioxide …, so we need to ventilate air, oxygen and carbon dioxide, in and out of our body. We also call this ventilation.
Our lungs ventilate air for us, so we talk about the ventilation of the lungs.

12. Ventilation of the lungs Nominalisation: respiration
Unpack to an easier word version:
Respiration is a noun. It comes from the verb ‘respire’.
Explain the easier word:
To respire is near to breathe, we breathe in and out air, we respire. But there is some difference between breathing and respiring. ….
Pack it up again:
Respiration is the process in which ….

13. Ventilation of the lungs Nominalisation
What happens in daily life; concrete things we can see/feel
abstract concept; knowledge in our brain
Nominalisation = noun (abstract concept)
Nominalisation is the process by which a noun (concrete), a verb or an adjective is turned into a noun that names an abstract concept. For example,
n/v/adj
meaning
nominalised word
abstract concept
ventilate (v); ventilator (n)
an action
ventilation
is the process by which…
respire (v)
respiration
neutral (adj); neutralise (v)
neutralisation
is the process in which…
transpire (v)
transpiration
displace (v)
displacement
is the phenomenon in which
a thing
a feeling

14. Ventilation of the lungs Unpacking nominalised nouns
Nominalisation:
Unpack the nominalised word back to the easier verb/adjective/noun
Explain the easier word with subject meaning, give examples…
Repack it using the nominalised word to tell subject meaning

15. Ventilation of the lungs Noun Phrases (noun head)
the by which air is inhaled and exhaled
the first in respiration.
containing 21% oxygen
containing less oxygen but much more carbon dioxide
Ventilation
process
stage
air
air