1. Ions, Ions, Ions! :D

2. What is an Ion? It is a charged atom
Elements in the periodic table are written in their neutral form (+ve and –ve charges cancel each other out and have overall charge of 0)
i.e. meaning that the total number of protons (the atomic number) is equal to the total number of electrons
When an element is in ionic form, it means that it is no longer has a 0 charge, but is either +ve or -ve

3. What happens when atoms become ions
When an neutral atom looses an electron, it takes on a positive charge!
It has more p+ than e-!
This happens to metals!
When an neutral atom gains an electron, it takes on a negative charge!
It has more e- than p+!
This happens to non-metals!

4. Metals as ions
When metals are in ionic form, they have an overall positive charge
Remember, elements in groups 1-3 have only 1,2 or 3 valence electrons
The easiest way for these elements to have a full electron shell is to give away these valence electrons
Metals donate their electrons to non-metals, forming a stable compound

5. Non-metals as ions
When non-metals are in ionic form, they have an overall negative charge
Remember, elements in groups 4-7 are missing 4,3,2 or 1 electron to get a full electron shell
The easiest way for these elements to have a full electron shell is to get electrons
Non-metals accept electrons from metals, forming a stable compound

6. What happens in Chem. Rnxs?
Metals will donate e- to non metals
Metals → +vely charged, for they will have more p+ than e-!
Non-metals will accept e- from metals
Non-metals → -vely charged, for they will have more e- than p+!
Elements in Group 8 will not react, for they have a full electron orbital and are already stable

7. Valence It is the total number of bonds an element can make
It also has to do with the number of valence electrons an element has
i.e, if an element has only 1 valence electron, it can only make one bond (only has one electron to loose)
i.e. if an element has 7 valence electrons, it too can only make one bond, since it can only accept one more electron

8. Valence
Group 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Valence e-’s
Ion Charge +1 +2 +3 -4 -3 -2 -1 x
Valence
Chemical bonds always has to do with the transfer of electrons from elements to elements to form stable compounds
**Note: Group 4’s ionic charge is -4, since it is easier for elements in this group to gain four electrons than to remove four electrons**