1. Skull Sternum Ribs Vertebral column
AXIAL SKELETON
Skull
Sternum
Ribs
Vertebral column

2. AXIAL SKELETON Coloring sheet

3. SKULL Divided into 2 parts; Calvaria
May be fractured in blows to the skull (e.g. in hockey, being checked and hitting the skull on the ice)
Temporal bone is more fragile of the calvaria bones. Overlies one of the major blood vessels. If fractured or displaced it is a medical emergency

4. SKULL CONTINUED b) Facial bones
Often broken in contact sports due to rough impact
Some fractures across the maxilla (upper jaw) can leave the lower face separated from the upper face

5. SKULL Coloring sheet

6. VERTEBRAL COLUMN –SPINE coloring sheet

7. VERTEBRAL COLUMN 5 vertebrae fused into one triangular bone
7 cervical vertebrae (of the neck)
12 thoracic vertebrae (of the chest)
5 lumbar vertebrae (of the lower back)
5 vertebrae fused into one triangular bone
Coccyx (bottom 4 vertebrae – tailbone)

8. VERTEBRAL COLUMN CONT’D
FUNCTION:
Provides a strong and flexible support for the body and the ability to keep the body erect
The point of attachment for the muscles of the back
Protect the spinal cord and nerves
Absorbs shock

9. HYOID AND ADAMS APPLE

10. RIBS
Twelve pairs
Made up of bone and cartilage, which allows for strength and expansion
Curved and slightly twisted making it ideal to protect the chest area
All 12 pairs of ribs articulate with the twelve thoracic vertebrae posteriorly

11. RIBS CONT’D Classified into three groups based on anterior attachment:
TRUE RIBS
1-7
Attach to both the vertebrae and the sternum
FALSE RIBS
8 – 10
Attach only to the sternum indirectly, through 7th rib
FLOATING RIBS
11 and 12
Only attach to the vertebral column

12. STERNUM Mid-line breast bone
The clavicles and ribs one to seven articulate with the sternum
It is comprised of the manubrium, sternal body and xiphoid process