1. Plant Life Cycles & Reproduction

2. Types of seed plants
Some plants do not produce seeds. These are plants like mosses and ferns.
There are two main types of seed plants.
Gymnosperms – a seed plant whose seeds are not inside a fruit
Angiosperms – a seed plant that has seeds enclosed in some type of fruit

3. Gymnosperms Most gymnosperms produce cones.
Male cones produce pollen and female cones produce eggs.
There are three main types of gymnosperms:
Cycads
Ginkgos
Conifers

4. Angiosperms Most angiosperms produce fruit and flowers.
Flowers contain both the male and female sex organs of plants.
Sepal – protects the developing flower
Petals – attract pollinators
Stamen – male reproductive organ that produces pollen
Pistil – female reproductive organ that takes in pollen
Fruits act as the ovaries of plants, protecting the seed (which could one day grow into a new angiosperm)

5. Plant Life Cycles Plant life cycles have two stages:
Sporophyte - The diploid stage where a fertilized egg develops into a spore- producing plant
Gametophyte – The haploid stage where a spore develops into a gamete-producing plant

6. Gymnosperm Life Cycles
Gymnosperms Life Stages:
Sporophyte – During the sporophyte stage, trees produce male and female cones. Female cones are typically bigger than male cones.
Gametophyte – During the gametophyte stage, male cones release pollen and is taken in by the female cone through a pollen tube. Fertilization occurs and a seed is formed inside the female cone.

7. Angiosperm Life Cycles
Angiosperms Life Stages:
Sporophyte – During the sporophyte stage, plants produce flowers. Flowers contain both male and female sex organs.
Gametophyte – During the gametophyte stage, pollen grains fertilize the ovule (or egg) on the inside of each flower. Ovules become seeds and the ovary around the seed develops into a fruit.